Abstract
Rabies virus diagnostic and typing methods differ among which virus populations can be detected and segregated. Lyssavirus genera may differ so greatly that serological testing alone may be sufficient to differentiate between them. Unique monoclonal antibody patterns among rabies viruses have also been used effectively for many of the terrestrial animal reservoirs for rabies in the USA. However, genetic typing, especially nucleotide sequence analysis, allows the most precise method to distinguish virus type and permits the greatest utility in molecular epidemiology studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bourhy H, Kissi B, Tordo N. Molecular diversity of the Lyssavirus genus. Virol. 1993;194:70–81.
Manning SE, Rupprecht CE, Fishbein D, et al. Human rabies prevention—United States, 2008: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57(RR-3):1–28.
Rupprecht CE, Briggs D, Brown CM, et al. Use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-2):1–9.
Noah DL, Drenzek CL, Smith JS, et al. Epidemiology of human rabies in the United States, 1980–1996. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:922–30.
Rohde RE, Wilson PJ, Mayes BC, Oertli E, Smith JS. Rabies: methods and guidelines for assessing a clinical rarity. American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2004 Microbiology No. MB-4 Tech Sample; 2004. p. 21–9.
Dean DJ, Abelseth MK, Atanasui P. The fluorescent antibody test. In: Meslin FX, Kaplan MM, Koprowski H, Âeditors. Laboratory techniques in rabies. 4th ed. World Health Organization: Geneva; 1996. p. 88–95.
Hanlon CA, Smith JS, Anderson GR, et al. Special series-recommendations of a national working group on prevention and control of rabies in the United States. Article II: Laboratory diagnosis of rabies. JAVMA. 1999;215(19):1444–6.
CDC. Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control. MMWR. 2008;57(RR02):1–9.
Smith JS. Molecular epidemiology. In: Jackson AC, Wunner WH, editors. Rabies. San Diego: Academic Press/Elsevier Science; 2002. p. 79–111.
Smith JS. Rabies virus. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, et al., editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. 7th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1999. p. 1099–106.
Baer GM, editor. The natural history of rabies. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1991.
Whitfield SG, Fekadu M, Shaddock JH, Niezgoda M, et al. A comparative study of the fluorescent antibody test for rabies diagnosis in fresh and formalin-fixed brain tissue specimens. J Virol Meth. 2001;95:145–51.
Smith JS, Orciari LA, Yager PA. Molecular epidemiology of rabies in the United States. Semin Virol. 1995;6:387–400.
Jackson AC, Fenton MB. Human rabies and bat bites. Lancet. 2001;357(9269):1714.
Rohde RE, Neill SU, Fearneyhough MG, et al. Establishing a regional reference laboratory for rabies virus typing at the Texas Department of Health: a work in progress. http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/rabies/testing/lab/reference/abstract. Accessed 26 May 2011.
Rohde RE, Neill SU, Clark KA, et al. Molecular epidemiology of rabies epizootics in Texas. J Clin Virol. 1997;8:209–17.
Leslie MJ, Messenger S, Rohde RE, Smith JS, Cheshier R, Hanlon C, et al. Bat-associated rabies virus in skunks. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2006 Aug [date cited]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no08/05–1526.htm.
Oertli EH, Wilson PJ, Hunt PR, Sidwa TJ, Rohde RE. Rabies in Skunks in Texas. JAVMA. 2009;234(5):1–5.
Rohde RE. Controlling rabies at its source: the Texas experience – oral rabies vaccination program. ASCLS Today. 2008;22(5):14–5.
Sidwa TJ, Wilson PJ, Moore G, Oertli E, Hicks B, Rohde RE, Johnston D. Evaluation of oral rabies vaccination programs for control of rabies epizootics in coyotes and gray foxes: 1995–2003. JAVMA. 2005;227(5):785–92.
Rohde RE, Mayes BC, Smith JS, Neill SU. Bat rabies, Texas, 1996–2000. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online]. 2004 May [date cited]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no5/03–0719.
Sabouraud A, Smith JS, Orciari LA, de Mattos C, de Mattos C, Rohde RE. Typing of rabies virus isolates by DNA enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Virol. 1999;12:9–19.
Markotter W, Kuzmin I, Rupprecht CE, Randles J, Sabeta CT, Wandeler AI, Nel LH. Isolation of Lagos bat virus from water mongoose. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12(12):1913–8. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no12/06–0514.
How is rabies diagnosed? http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/diagnosis/index.html. Accessed 19 December, 2011.
Orciari LA, Rupprecht CE. Rabies virus. In: Murray PR, Jorgensen JH, Baron EJ, Landry ML, Pfaller MA, editors. Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington: ASM Press; 2007. p. 1470–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rohde, R.E., Mayes, B.C. (2012). Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Rabies. In: Hu, P., Hegde, M., Lennon, P. (eds) Modern Clinical Molecular Techniques. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2170-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2170-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-2169-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-2170-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)