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Neural Metabolism In Vivo pp 433–500Cite as

Neuronal Basis of Non-Invasive Functional Imaging: From Microscopic Neurovascular Dynamics to BOLD fMRI

Part of the Advances in Neurobiology book series (NEUROBIOL,volume 4)

Abstract

With the growing recognition of the complexity of neurovascular coupling, research has focused on the “neurovascular unit”, a close association between neurons, astrocytes and blood vessels. A number of experimental tools have been developed for probing the neurovascular unit in animal models, providing the potential for a much deeper understanding of these fundamental physiological mechanisms. In this chapter, we review some of the available experimental and computational methods and present a multi-level conceptual framework for analyzing and interpreting a wide range of experimental measurements. We then discuss our working hypotheses regarding the regulation of blood flow and neurophysiological correlates of fMRI signals. Finally, we discuss how multimodal imaging, along with valid physiological models, can ultimately be used to obtain quantitative estimates of physiological parameters in health and disease and provide an outlook for the future directions in neurovascular research.

Keywords

  • Imaging
  • Neurovascular
  • Neurometabolic
  • CBF
  • CMRO2
  • LFP
  • CSD
  • MUA
  • fMRI
  • BOLD
  • Optical
  • Microscopy
  • Hemodynamic
  • Neurovascular unit
  • Extracellular potential
  • Forward modeling
  • Laminar population analysis

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like you to acknowledge Klas M. Pettersen, Henrik Linden, Ivan C. Teng and Peifang Tian for help with making some of the figures, and the financial support from the following NIH grants: R01NS051188, R01NS057198, R21EB009118 (to Anna Devor), R01EB000790 (to Anders M. Dale), R01NS057476 (to David A. Boas) and R01 NS036722 (to Richard R. Buxton) and Research Council of Norway (eVITA, FRIBIOMOL to Gaute T. Einevoll).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0662, USA

    Anna Devor Ph.D.

  2. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA

    Anna Devor Ph.D.

  3. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, 13th Street Building 149, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA

    David A. Boas Ph.D.

  4. Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway

    Gaute T. Einevoll

  5. Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0677, USA

    Richard B. Buxton Ph.D.

  6. Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103-8756, USA

    Anders M. Dale Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Anna Devor Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas, Rainbow Blvd. 3901, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA

    In-Young Choi

  2. Inst. Physique de la Matière Complexe, Labo. d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle et, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

    Rolf Gruetter

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Devor, A., Boas, D.A., Einevoll, G.T., Buxton, R.B., Dale, A.M. (2012). Neuronal Basis of Non-Invasive Functional Imaging: From Microscopic Neurovascular Dynamics to BOLD fMRI. In: Choi, IY., Gruetter, R. (eds) Neural Metabolism In Vivo. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1788-0_15

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