Abstract
Many factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction. Research shows that certain types of circulating stem cells and progenitor cells may counteract the development of atherosclerosis following vessel injury and promote vascular health. Yet other studies indicate that these same cells may be involved in the disease’s progression. In this chapter, we sort through these findings and examine the limitations of research to date in order to better understand the role of endothelial progenitor cells and smooth muscle progenitor cells in atherosclerosis and plaque rupture.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ross R. Atherosclerosis – an inflammatory disease. NEJM. 1995;340:115–26.
Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Creager MA, Losordo DW, et al. Atherosclerosis 2005: recent discoveries and novel hypotheses. Circulation. 2005;112:3341.
Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science. 1997;275:964–7.
Hill JM, Zalos G, Halcox JPJ, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:593–600.
Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, et al. Atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability to rupture. Angiogenesis as a source of intraplaque hemorrhage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2054–61.
Zoll J, Fontaine V, Gourdy P, et al. Role of human smooth muscle cell progenitors in atherosclerotic plaque development and composition. Cardiovasc Res. 2008;77:471–80.
Shi Q, Rafii S, Wu MH-D, et al. Evidence for circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial cells. Blood. 1998;92:362–7.
Hirschi KK, Ingram DA, Yoder MC. Assessing identity, phenotype, and fate of endothelial progenitor cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1584–95.
Simper D, Stalboerger PG, Panetta CJ, et al. Smooth muscle progenitor cells in human blood. Circulation. 2002;106:1199–204.
Caplice NM, Bunch TJ, Stalboerger PG, et al. Smooth muscle cells in human coronary atherosclerosis can originate from cells administered at marrow transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:4754–9.
Metharom P, Liu C, Wang S, et al. Myeloid lineage of high proliferative potential human smooth muscle outgrowth cells in circulating in blood and vasculogenic smooth muscle-like cells in vivo. Atherosclerosis. 2008;198:29–38.
Moreno PR, Purushothaman R, Fuster V, et al. Plaque neovascularization is increased in ruptured atherosclerotic lesions of human aorta. Implications for plaque vulnerability. Circulation. 2004;110:2032–8.
Zhang Y, Cliff WJ, Schoefl GI, et al. Immunohistochemical study of intimal microvessels in coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol. 1993;143:164–72.
Langheinrich AC, Michniewicz A, Sedding DG, et al. Correlation of vaso vasorum neovascularization and plaque progression in aortas of apolipoprotein E−/−/low-density lipoprotein−/− double knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:347–52.
Moulton KS, Vakili K, Zurakowski D, et al. Inhibition of plaque neovascularization reduces macrophage accumulation and progression of advanced atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:4736–41.
Moreno PR, Purushothaman KR, Zias E, et al. Neovascularization in human atherosclerosis. Curr Mole Med. 2006;6:457–77.
George J, Afek A, Abashidze A, et al. Transfer of endothelial progenitor and bone marrow cells influence atherosclerotic plaque size and composition in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2636–41.
Silvestre J-S, Gojova A, Brun V, et al. Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells in ischemic apolipoprotein E-knockout mice accelerates atherosclerosis without altering plaque composition. Circulation. 2003;108:2839–42.
Torsney E, Mandal K, Halliday A, et al. Characterization of progenitor cells in human atherosclerotic vessels. Atherosclerosis. 2007;191:259–64.
Zengin E, Chalajour F, Gehling UM, et al. Vascular wall resident progenitor cells: a source for postnatal vasculogenesis. Development. 2006;133:1543–51.
Ingram DA, Mead LE, Moore DB, et al. Vessel wall-derived endothelial cells rapidly proliferate because they contain a complete hierarchy of endothelial progenitor cells. Blood. 2005;105:2783–6.
Rauscher FM, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Davis BH, et al. Aging, progenitor cell exhaustion, and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2003;108:457–63.
Sata M, Saiura A, Kunisato A, et al. Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into vascular cells that participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Nat Med. 2002;8:403–9.
Daniel JM, Tillmanns H, Sedding DG. Time course analysis of bone marrow-derived progenitor cell transdifferentiation during neointima formation. Circulation. 2009;120:S1130.
Hu Y, Zhang Z, Torsney E, et al. Abundant progenitor cells in the adventitia contribute to atherosclerosis of vein grafts in ApoE-deficient mice. JCI. 2004;113:1258–65.
Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Aicher A, et al. Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circ Res. 2001;89:E1–7.
Kunz GA, Liang G, Cuculi F, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells predict coronary artery disease severity. Heart. 2006;152:109–95.
Werner N, Kosiol S, Schiegl T, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:999–1007.
Xiao Q, Kiechl S, Patel S, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells, cardiovascular risk factors, cytokine levels and atherosclerosis-results from a large population-based study. PLoS One. 2007;2:e975.
Guven H, Shepherd RM, Bach RG, et al. The number of endothelial progenitor cell colonies in the blood is increased in patients with angiographically significant coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1579–87.
George J, Goldstein E, Abashidze S, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with unstable angina: association with systemic inflammation. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1003–8.
Celletti FL, Waugh JM, Amabile PG, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances atherosclerotic plaque progression. Nat Med. 2001;7:425–33.
Schachinger V, Erbs S, Elasser A, et al. Intracoronary bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1210–21.
Schachunger V, Erbs S, Elasser A, et al. Improved clinical outcome after intracoronary administration of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction: final 1-year results of the REPAIR-AMI trial. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2775–83.
Erbs S, Linke A, Schachinger V, et al. Restoration of microvascular function in the infarct-related artery by intracoronary transplantation of bone marrow progenitor cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2007;116:366–74.
Meyer GP, Wollert KC, Lotz J, et al. Intracoronary bone marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction – eighteen months’ follow-up data from randomized, controlled BOOST (bone marrow transfer to enhance ST-elevation infarct regeneration) trial. Circulation. 2006;113:1287–94.
Lunde K, Solheim S, Forfang K, et al. Anterior myocardial infarction with acute percutaneous coronary intervention and intracoronary injection of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells. Safety, clinical outcome, and serial changes in left-ventricular function during 12-months’ follow-up. J Am Coil Cardiol. 2008;51:674–6.
Liu PX, Zhang L, Liao WB, et al. Transfusion of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells promotes progression of atherosclerotic plaque in rabbits. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue ZaZhi. 2009;17:700–5.
Hare JM, Traverse JH, Henry TD, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study of intravenous adult human mesenchymal stem cells (Prochymal) after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:2277–86.
Losordo DW, Henry TD, Schatz RA, et al. Autologous CD34+ cell therapy for refractory angina: 12 month results of the phase II ACT34-CMI study. Circulation. 2009;120:S1132.
Kang HJ, Kim HS, Zhang SY, et al. Effects of intracoronary infusion of peripheral blood stem cells mobilized with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on left-ventricular systolic function and restenosis after coronary stenting in myocardial infarction: the MAGIC cell randomized clinical trial. Lancet. 2004;363:751–6.
Bartunek J, Vanderheyden M, Vandekerckhove B, et al. Intracoronary infusion of CD133+ enriched bone marrow progenitors promotes cardiac recovery after recent myocardial infarction. Feasibility and safety. Circulation. 2005;112:I178–83.
Mansour S, Vanderheyden M, De Bruyne B, et al. Intracoronary delivery of hematopoietic bone marrow stem cells and luminal loss of the infarct-related artery in patients with recent myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1727–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Traverse, J.H. (2012). Stem Cells and Atherosclerosis. In: Vlodaver, Z., Wilson, R., Garry, D. (eds) Coronary Heart Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1475-9_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1475-9_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1474-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-1475-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)