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Viral Infection in Pregnancy: HIV and Viral Hepatitis

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Medical Management of the Pregnant Patient

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Abstract

With universal HIV testing prior to or early in pregnancy, early and effective antiretroviral therapy for all pregnant women, scheduled cesarean delivery if indicated, and antiretroviral therapy for the infant, as well as effective pre- and postconception counseling, HIV-infected women can have healthy and successful pregnancies.

Similarly, women chronically infected with hepatitis B or C without severe liver damage can have successful pregnancy. The risk of vertical transmission was greatly reduced after implementation of active and passive immunoprophylaxis for hepatitis B and universal precaution and is estimated at <3 % for both viruses.

Acute viral hepatitis continues to be an important cause of maternal death worldwide. Herpes simplex hepatitis and hepatitis E can be extremely severe during the gestation, and these infections should always be excluded in a pregnant patient with acute hepatic failure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Women’s Infectious Diseases Consultation, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA

    Erica J. Hardy M.D., M.M.Sc.

  2. The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Erica J. Hardy M.D., M.M.Sc.

  3. Center for Women’s Gastrointestinal Medicine, Women’s Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, 146 West River Street, Ste 11C, Providence, RI, 02904, USA

    Silvia Degli Esposti M.D.

  4. The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Silvia Degli Esposti M.D.

  5. Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Judy Nee M.D.

  6. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Judy Nee M.D.

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  1. Erica J. Hardy M.D., M.M.Sc.
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  2. Silvia Degli Esposti M.D.
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  3. Judy Nee M.D.
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Correspondence to Erica J. Hardy M.D., M.M.Sc. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. SVP Women’s Services and Clinical Integration, Lifespan Corporation, Professor and Vice Chair of Medicine Director of Obstetric Medicine, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

    Karen Rosene-Montella

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Hardy, E.J., Esposti, S.D., Nee, J. (2015). Viral Infection in Pregnancy: HIV and Viral Hepatitis. In: Rosene-Montella, K. (eds) Medical Management of the Pregnant Patient. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1244-1_9

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