Skip to main content

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Lupus Erythematosus
  • 1835 Accesses

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionally impacts women during their childbearing years. Thus, issues regarding birth control, fertility, pregnancy, and nursing commonly arise in the care of young women with SLE. For many years, contraceptive choices for SLE patients were limited due to concerns that hormone-containing contraceptives would increase disease activity. Pregnancy itself was thought to exacerbate disease activity, and patients were often counseled that they should avoid becoming pregnant. Medication use during pregnancy and nursing was likewise thought to be limited which further complicated the management of the pregnant lupus patient. Fortunately, the past two decades have brought us a better understanding of how SLE disease activity responds to pregnancy. Newer treatment regimens have improved disease outcome and enabled more patients to contemplate pregnancy and parenthood. This chapter will discuss contraception, fertility, pregnancy, and nursing in women with SLE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Sources

  1. Slater CA, Liang MH, McCune JW, Christman GM, Laufer MR. Preserving ovarian function in patients receiving cyclophosphamide. Lupus. 1999;8(1):3–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bermas BL. Oral contraceptives in systemic lupus erythematosus—a tough pill to swallow? N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2602–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Van Nieuwenhoven ALV, Heineman MJ, Faas MM. The immunology of successful pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9(4):347–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lund CJ, Donovan JC. Blood volume during pregnancy. Significance of plasma and red cell volumes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1967;98(3):394–403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Marik PE, Plante LA. Venous thromboembolic disease and pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(19):2025–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Heckman JD, Sassard R. Current concepts review. Musculoskeletal considerations in pregnancy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76(11):1720–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Van den Broe NR, Letsky EA. Pregnancy and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. BJOG. 2001;108(11):1164–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ruiz-Irastorza G. Evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus activity during pregnancy. Lupus. 2004;13(6):679–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Petri M, Howard D, Repke J, Goldman DW. The Hopkins Lupus Pregnancy Center: 1987–1991 update. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1992;28(3–4):188–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Izmirly PM, Kim MY, Llanos C, et al. Evaluation of the risk of anti-SSA/Ro-SSB/La antibody-associated cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus in fetuses of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus exposed to hydroxychloroquine. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1827–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sibai BM. Imitators of severe pre-eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2009;33(3):196–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Al Arfaj AS, Khalil N. Pregnancy outcome in 396 pregnancies in patients with SLE in Saudi Arabia. Lupus. 2010;19(14):1665–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Smyth A, Oliveira HM, Lahr BD, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5:2060–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Marker-Hermann E, Fischer-Betz R. Rheumatic diseases and pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;22:458–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta MA. Managing lupus patients during pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009;23:575–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3):924–36.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Clouse ME, Magder L, Witter F, Petri M. Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(11):3640–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ostensen M, Khamashta M, Lockshin M, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(3):209.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pyllie L, Mazzotta P, Pastuszak A, et al. Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology. 2000;62(6):385–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Amenti VT, Ahlswede KM, Ahlswede BA, Jarrell BE, Moritz MJ, Burke JF. National transplantation pregnancy registry-outcomes of 154 pregnancies in cyclosporine-treated female kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1994;57(4):502–6.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Donnenfeld AE, Pastuszak A, Noah JS, Schick B, Rose NC, Koren G. Methotrexate exposure prior to and during pregnancy. Teratology. 1994;49(2):79–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Koren G, Inoue M. Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors cause malformations in humans? J Rheumatol. 2009;36(93):665–6.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bonnie L. Bermas M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bermas, B.L. (2012). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy. In: Schur, P., Massarotti, E. (eds) Lupus Erythematosus. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1189-5_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1189-5_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-1188-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-1189-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics