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Quinolones

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Clinical Use of Anti-infective Agents

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Abstract

Nalidixic acid was the first quinolone introduced in 1962. Structural changes have resulted in an extended spectrum and better pharmacokinetics profile. All agents have an N-1-substituted 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyridine-3-carboxylic acid as the basic nucleus. The fluorinated 4-quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin are effective for treatment of a wide variety of infectious diseases. Potentially life threatening and rare side effects detected by postmarketing surveillance resulted in the withdrawal of gatifloxacin (hypoglycemia), trovafloxacin (hepatotoxicity), sparfloxacin (QTc prolongation, phototoxicity), temafloxacin (hemolytic anemia), grepafloxacin (cardiotoxicity), and clinafloxacin (phototoxicity) from the US market. Commercially available fluorinated quinolones available in the USA are widely used by clinicians (Fig. 12.1).

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Further Reading

  • Leibovitz, E. (2006). The use of fluoroquinolones in children. Curr Opin Pediatr, 18(1), 64–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, J. A., & Gelone, S. P. (2000). Fluoroquinolones. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 14(2), 489–513, xi.

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  • O’Donnell, J. A., & Gelone, S. P. (2004). The newer fluoroquinolones. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 18(3), 691–716, x.

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  • Walker, R. C. (1999). The fluoroquinolones. Mayo Clin Proc, 74(10), 1030–1037.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    Robert W. Finberg (Richard Haidack Professor and Chair)

  2. UMass Memorial Health Care Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    Roy Guharoy (Chief Pharmacy Officer)

Authors
  1. Robert W. Finberg
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  2. Roy Guharoy
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Correspondence to Robert W. Finberg .

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Finberg, R.W., Guharoy, R. (2012). Quinolones. In: Clinical Use of Anti-infective Agents. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1068-3_12

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