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Cancer Stem Cells and the Central Nervous System

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Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology

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Abstract

Neural stem cells and progenitor cells have been discovered in multiple regions of the brain. These progenitor cells, in addition to differentiated glia, may constitute a substrate for neoplastic transformation. In recent years, it had been suggested that only a subset of cells in a cancer, the so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), are endowed with tumorigenic capacity. These are self-renewing and multipotent cells with tumor-initiating potential. Few of these CSCs are able to reproduce the original tumor in vivo. The alternative hypothesis that transformation and de-differentiation of more mature brain cells contributes to tumorigenesis may be a parallel pathway towards tumorigenesis. Malignant brain tumors are amongst the deadliest human cancers, and effective therapy has not emerged up to now. CSC in brain tumors are regulated by different factors, e.g., Notch, GSK3, BMI1, SHH, SOX, musashi. This review summarizes studies on brain tumor precursor cells, their molecular signature, and emerging new approaches for therapeutic targeting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Buchserstrasse 26, Bern, CH-3006, Switzerland

    Serdar Korur, Maria Maddalena Lino & Adrian Merlo

Authors
  1. Serdar Korur
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  2. Maria Maddalena Lino
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  3. Adrian Merlo
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Correspondence to Adrian Merlo .

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  1. , Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Roberto Scatena

  2. School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Alvaro Mordente

  3. , Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, 00168, Italy

    Bruno Giardina

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Korur, S., Lino, M.M., Merlo, A. (2012). Cancer Stem Cells and the Central Nervous System. In: Scatena, R., Mordente, A., Giardina, B. (eds) Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0809-3_7

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