Abstract
The substantial contribution of the tumor microenvironment to the development of malignancy in cancer is well documented, with tumor progression recognized as the product of an evolving cross talk between genetically abnormal cells within the tumor and the surrounding and interwoven stromal framework. The latter includes the extracellular matrix and cellular components such as fibroblasts, immune and inflammatory cells, blood vessel cells, and soluble factors such as cytokines and growth factors. In response to apoptotic signals or cellular activation that may accompany inflammatory or hypercoagulable states, actively growing tumor cells, activated platelets, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages resident in the tumor microenvironment shed microparticles or microvesicles. Microparticles (MPs) are circular membrane fragments, ranging in size from 0.1 to 1.0 μm, containing both membrane components and cytoplasmic contents “hijacked” from their parent cells. Originally regarded as irrelevant cell debris, MPs have now been shown to be vectors of various signaling proteins, mRNA, and bioactive lipids with important roles in cancer biology. This chapter will provide an overview of how MPs derived from cancer cells or platelets mediate tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Furthermore, the potential role of tissue factor-positive MPs in facilitating cancer-associated thrombosis will also be examined. In addition, the potentially pathogenic effects of MPs in blood products (e.g., platelet concentrates) for cancer patients and of MP release associated with blood product processing will also be highlighted.
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Goh, P.P. (2012). Microparticle Dissemination of Biological Activities: Implications for Cancer Biology. In: Chatterjee, M., Kashfi, K. (eds) Cell Signaling & Molecular Targets in Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0730-0_10
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