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Solid Polymer Electrolytes

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Dynamics of Soft Matter

Part of the book series: Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques ((NEUSCATT))

Abstract

Solid polymer electrolytes which are solvent-free electrolytes based on polymers have potential for use in next-generation lithium ion batteries. These batteries, used in cell phones and laptop computers, currently contain a liquid electrolyte. Replacing the liquid electrolyte currently used has several advantages: it allows use of higher-energy density solid lithium at the anode, removes toxic solvents, improves cycling ability, and eliminates the need for heavy casings. Despite the advantages of solid polymer electrolytes, their conductivity is not sufficient for use in batteries. As a result, considerable effort towards improving their conductivity and understanding the mechanisms of lithium transport has taken place over the last 20 years. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering has provided the link between the motion of the polymer host and lithium transport. Such measurements have provided detailed information on the dynamics of the polymer host and enabled connection of this motion to lithium transport. Structural neutron measurements can also play a role in solid polymer electrolytes: small angle scattering has determined the extent and type of crystalline regions commonly thought to impede conductivity and addressed dispersion of nanoparticle fillers. This chapter considers the interplay of conductivity, crystallinity, local coordination, and polymer dynamics in solid polymer electrolytes. We also consider the impact, analogy to confinement, and state of aggregation of nanoparticle fillers. The material is presented as a review, illustrated with specific examples using neutron scattering from our work on poly(ethylene oxide) with LiClO4; both unfilled and filled with 11 nm alumina nanoparticles.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Janna K. Maranas

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  1. ISIS Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon., OX11 0QX, United Kingdom

    Victoria García Sakai

  2. Fac. Science, Labo. Chimique Physique, Université Paris-Sud XI, Bat. 350, Orsay CX, 91405, France

    Christiane Alba-Simionesco

  3. Dept. Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Avenue 77, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, USA

    Sow-Hsin Chen

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Maranas, J.K. (2012). Solid Polymer Electrolytes. In: García Sakai, V., Alba-Simionesco, C., Chen, SH. (eds) Dynamics of Soft Matter. Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0727-0_5

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