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Structure and Recognition of Antigens for Invariant NKT Cells

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Natural Killer T cells

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

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Abstract

It has been two decades since natural killer T (NKT) cells were ­identified and distinguished from conventional T cell populations by the invariant Vα14 rearrangement in their T cell antigen receptor (TCR). NKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a member of a third family of antigen-presenting ­molecules. The first antigen known to activate NKT cells is a α-galactosyl ceramide (αGalCer), a highly potent synthetic glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigen closely related to a natural product, probably derived from a bacteria. Synthetic antigens related to αGalCer are being developed for clinical applications, and there is great interesting understanding why different variants cause different cytokine responses. Microbial glycosphingolipid antigens for NKT cells have been found in environmental microbes and also in pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi. For the microbial and synthetic antigens, when the TCR binds, it forces the sugar and CD1d into a fixed orientation. Self-antigens for NKT cells also have been defined, but these have diverse structures and it remains controversial if there is a single type of self-agonist responsible for the selection and peripheral activation of these cells.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by NIH grants AI45053 and AI71922. We thank Dr. Enrico Girardi for help with producing the figures.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Bo Pei

  2. Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Mitchell Kronenberg

Authors
  1. Bo Pei
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  2. Mitchell Kronenberg
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Correspondence to Mitchell Kronenberg .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Cancer Institute (NCI), Molecular Immunogenetics & Vaccine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Center Drive 10, Bethesda, 20892-1578, Maryland, USA

    Masaki Terabe

  2. National Cancer Institute, Lab. Developmental &, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    Jay A. Berzofsky

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Pei, B., Kronenberg, M. (2012). Structure and Recognition of Antigens for Invariant NKT Cells. In: Terabe, M., Berzofsky, J. (eds) Natural Killer T cells. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0613-6_2

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