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Assessment of Malingering and Falsification: Conceptual Foundations and Sources of Error

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Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation

Abstract

How can one make both a false-negative and a valid-positive identification simultaneously? This can result either by identifying an injured individual who is also exaggerating deficit simply as a malingerer, or by identifying that same individual only as injured. In the first instance one misses the injury while correctly identifying malingering, and in the second instance one correctly identifies the injury but misses malingering.

Authors’ Note:

This is the first of two interrelated chapters that appear in sequence (Chapters 1 and 2). In essence, Chapter 2 is a continuation of Chapter 1 and the two chapters together make up one integrated work. We strongly suggest that the chapters be read in order because the comprehensibility of Chapter 2 depends on familiarity with the contents of Chapter 1.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    To avoid the cumbersome “he or she” or “his or her,” we will alternate back and forth when referring to gender.

  2. 2.

    For purposes of illustration, we have treated the two tests or methods as completely nonredundant. Usually, the situation is more complex and there is some degree of interdependence, which makes it even worse to use a weak screening measure or add weak measures to stronger measures. For example, a weaker method may “correct” some of the errors a stronger method makes, but it will “spoil” the correct conclusions of the stronger method a greater number of times.

  3. 3.

    We realize that appearance will impact juries, but we do not believe this should ever override accuracy. We believe our highest priority should be to get it right, at which point we can worry about how to present our findings in an understandable manner that creates warranted belief in our work.

  4. 4.

    Description of the literature demonstrating differences in test performance should not be confused with attribution of cause for these differences. For example, it is perfectly compatible to state that studies show differences in performance between two groups on measures of linguistic proficiency and to also state or argue that those differences appear to be due to acculturation or test bias. Although we believe that unwarranted attributions are sometimes drawn about differences in performance levels, we ask readers not to presume such specific positions on our part.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA

    David Faust

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Kingston, Providence, RI, 02912, USA

    David Faust

  3. Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, AR, 02912, USA

    David C. Ahern

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA

    Ana J. Bridges

  5. Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA

    Leslie J. Yonce

Authors
  1. David Faust
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  2. David C. Ahern
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  3. Ana J. Bridges
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  4. Leslie J. Yonce
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Correspondence to David Faust .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 4225, College Station, 77843, Texas, USA

    Cecil R. Reynolds

  2. Psych Associates of Maryland, Bethesda, 20814, Maryland, USA

    Arthur MacNeill Horton, Jr.

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Faust, D., Ahern, D.C., Bridges, A.J., Yonce, L.J. (2012). Assessment of Malingering and Falsification: Conceptual Foundations and Sources of Error. In: Reynolds, C., Horton, Jr., A. (eds) Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0442-2_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0442-2_1

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