Abstract
On April 19, 1995, a bomb exploded beside the Oklahoma City’s Alfred P. Murrah federal building, killing 168 people and injuring 674 [1, 2]. The blast seriously damaged surrounding buildings and smashed windows within a ten-block radius [3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team. Forward. In: The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team, editor. The city of Oklahoma City: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing. April 19, 1995. Oklahoma City, OK: Fire Protection Publications; 1996.
Manzi C, Powers MJ, Zetterlund K. Critical information flows in the Alfred P. Murrah Building bombing: a case study. Washington, DC: Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute; 2002; Special Report 3.
The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team. Part 1: shock and response, April 19, 1995, 9:02–11:22 a.m. In: The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team, editor. The city of Oklahoma City: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing. April 19, 1995. Oklahoma City, OK: Fire Protection Publications; 1996. p. 9–21.
The Oklahoman. The Oklahoma City bombing: the history. The Oklahoman. http://newsok.com/bombing/history/. Accessed 7 May 2007.
The Oklahoma Department of Civil Emergency Management. After action report: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing. April 19, 1995. Oklahoma City, OK: Department of Central Services Central Printing Division; Executive summary. http://www.ok.gov/OEM/Publications_&_Forms/index.html. Accessed 14 May 2007.
Collins J. The weight of evidence. Time Magazine. April 28, 1997. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986240,00.html. Accessed 14 May 2007.
Bernstein EM. Terror in Oklahoma: the overview; evidence linking suspect to blast offered in court. The New York Times, A 1. April 26, 1995.
Gleick E. Detours on the trail of the bombers. Time Magazine. May 22, 1995. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982961,00.html. Accessed 14 May 2007.
Johnston D. Terror in Oklahoma: the overview; F.B.I. issues alert for 2 more sought in bombing inquiry. The New York Times, A 1. May 2, 1995.
Nichols Guilty on all Charges in Oklahoma City Bombing Trial. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/nichols_05-26-04.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Belluck P. Terror in Oklahoma: in Kansas; agents find possible link to bombers at lake site. The New York Times. May 2, 1995:18.
Gleick E. Something big is going to happen. Time Magazine. May 8, 1995. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982899,00.html. Accessed 27 May 2007.
Lackmeyer S, Zizzo D. City struggles with shock of deadly bombing. The Oklakhoman. April 20, 1995. http://newsok.com/bombing/article/1175507/?template=bombing/main. Accessed 14 May 2007.
Ottley T, McVeigh T, Nichols T. Oklahoma bombing bad day dawning. http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/notorious/mcveigh/dawning_1.html. Accessed 14 May 2007.
Ross B, Perry J, Gilliland P. Quotes. The Oklahoman. April 20, 1995.
Gibbs N. The blood of Innocents. Time Magazine. May 1, 1995. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982867,00.html. Accessed 14 May 2007.
Palmer G. I had to dig my way out. The Oklahoman. April 20, 1995. http://newsok.com/bombing/article/1175351/?template=bombing/main. Accessed 14 May 2007.
Gilliland P, Sutter E. Whatever it was, it was awfully cruel. The Oklahoman. April 20, 1995.
The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team. Part IV: sustaining the effort. April 22–April 29, 1995. In: The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team, editors. The city of Oklahoma City: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing. April 19, 1995. Oklahoma City, OK: Fire Protection Publications; 1996. p. 51–67.
The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team. Part V: recovery, healing, and remembrance. April 30, 1995–March 1, 1996. In: The City of Oklahoma City Document Management Team, editor. The city of Oklahoma City: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing. April 19, 1995. Oklahoma City, OK: Fire Protection Publications; 1996.
Belluck P. Terror in Oklahoma: at ground zero; Federal agencies’ priorities grating as time wears on. The New York Times, A 21. April 26, 1995.
Ottley T. License Tag Snag. http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/notorious/mcveigh/snag_2.html. Accessed 15 May 2007.
The Associated Press. Officer responsible for McVeigh arrest shares his story. Oklahoman. July 23, 2005.
Walsh E. One arraigned, two undergo questioning. Washington Post. April 22, 1995.
Oklahoma bombing chronology. Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/oklahoma/stories/chron.htm. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Novak V, Shannon E. Playing for a stay. Time Magazine. June 11, 2001. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000062,00.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Defrange A. I thought it was a tornado. Oklahoman. April 20, 1995.
Lii JH. Terror in Oklahoma: the scene; for searchers, exhaustion grows as hope fades. The New York Times. April 30, 1995:1,27.
Healing the Pain: Newshour with Jim Lehrer Transcript. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/jan-june00/ok_4-19.html. Accessed 27 May 2007.
Killackey J. Schools helping students cope with tragedy. Oklahoman. April 20, 1995.
Applebome P. Terror in Oklahoma: weapons; increasingly, extremism is heavily armed. The New York Times. April 30, 1995:27.
Prendergast J. Oklahoma City aftermath. Civil Eng. 1995;65:42–5.
Nadel BA. Oklahoma City: Security Civics Lessons. http://www.buildings.com/Articles/detail.asp?articleID=3623. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Smolowe J. Enemies of the state. Time Magazine. May 8, 1995.
Healing the Pain. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/jan-june00/ok_4-19.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Ottley T. Innocence Lost. http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/notorious/mcveigh/lost_3.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Lacayo R. Rushing to bash outsiders. Time Magazine. May 1, 1995. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982892,00.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Candiotti S. Wounds Remain for Bombing Victims Six Years Later. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/okc/stories/overview.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Gleick E. Who are they? Time Magazine. May 1, 1995. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982868,00.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Wald ML. Terror in Oklahoma: the building; design could have been another enemy. The New York Times, A 27. April 28, 1995.
Labaton S. Terror in Oklahoma: security; before the explosion, officials saw little risk for building in Oklahoma City. The New York Times, A 19. May 2, 1995.
Godfrey E, Parker J. Heartland easy target, McCurdy says. Oklahoman. April 20, 1995.
Adams K, Lofaro L, Quinn K, Rubin JC, Sanders AL, Urquhart S. The week. Time Magazine. May 15, 1995.
Landsberger C. The End of the Line for Inmate McVeigh. June 11, 2001. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,129972,00.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Pooley E. Death or life? Time Magazine. June 16, 1997. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986526-3,00.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Schmemann S. Terror in Oklahoma: security; overseas, Oklahoma City bombing is seen through prism of experience. The New York Times. April 30, 1995:1,28.
Anti-Defamation League. A Decade After Oklahoma City Bombing, Domestic Terrorism Threat Still Looms. http://www.adl.org/learn/extremism_in_the_news/Anti_Government/okc_10years_40805.htm. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Anti-Defamation League. Oklahoma City Bombing 10 Years Later: Lessons Learned. http://www.adl.org/ADL_Opinions/Terrorism/OKCity_oped.htm. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Bockiewicz RE. Federal building security tightened. Oklahoman. April 20, 1995.
Lacayo R. How safe is safe? Time Magazine. May 1, 1995. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982869,00.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Committee on Homeland Security. Ammonium Nitrate Legislation Introduced. http://homeland.house.gov/issues/index.asp?ID=192&SubSection=0&Issue=0&DocumentType=0&PublishDate=0. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Gorman C. The bomb lurking in the garden shed. Time Magazine. May 1, 1995. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982870,00.html. Accessed 25 May 2007.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rudenstine, S., Galea, S. (2012). Stage Four: Externalizing Oklahoma City, OK, US Bombing – April 19, 1995. In: The Causes and Behavioral Consequences of Disasters. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0317-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0317-3_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0316-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-0317-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)