Abstract
R-curve characterizes the resistance to fracture of a propagating crack on a brittle material. Ceramic filler material can be added to the PMMA bone cement to improve its resistance to fracture of a propagating crack. The motivation of this study was to improve the fracture resistance of the composite bone cement by incorporating bioactive ceramic nanoparticles with the bone cement. The hypothesis of this study was that extrinsic toughening characteristics of composite cement affect bone-composite fracture toughness. Two specific objectives were achieved during the study: (1) the fracture properties of composite cements were evaluated using in-situ field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), (2) R-curve affects on the fracture toughness of composite cements were examined using in-situ FESEM based R-curve measurement techniques. ASTM standard bow tie single edge notch tension specimen was fabricated using commercial PolyMethylMethAcrylate (PMMA) bone cement, bone cement with MgO micro and nanoparticles. The in-situ FESEM SENT fracture tests were conducted on cement specimens at a speed of 1.1 μm/sec. using Evex SEM tensile test stage. This study found that the initiation stress intensity factor of the CBC specimen was higher compared to MgO additives incorporated CBC specimen. Higher energy is required for CBC specimen compared to the composite CBC specimens to propagate crack up to failure. MgO particles contribute to the origin of voids in the cement structure which affect the structural integrity MgO incorporated PMMA bone cement.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Moreo, P., Perez M.A., Garcia-Amar J.M., Doblare M., "Modelling the mixed-mode failure of cement-bone interfaces," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 73(10), 1379–1395 (2006).
Lucksanasombool, P., Higgs W.A.J., Higgs R., Swain M.V., "Interfacial fracture toughness between bovine cortical bone and cements," Biomaterials, 24(7), 1159–1166 (2003).
An, Y.H., Draughn R.A., Mechanical testing of bone and the bone-implant interface. CRC (2000).
Wang, X.D., Agrawal C.M., "A mixed mode fracture toughness test of bone-biomaterial interfaces," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 53(6), 664–672 (2000).
Mann, K.A., Damron L.A., "Predicting the failure response of cement-bone constructs using a non-linear fracture mechanics approach," Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme, 124(4), 462–470 (2002).
Ichim, I., Li Q., Li W., Swain M.V., Kieser J., "Modelling of fracture behaviour in biomaterials," Biomaterials, 28(7), 1317–1326 (2007).
Kopperdahl, D.L., Roberts A.D., Keaveny T.M., "Localized damage in vertebral bone is most detrimental in regions of high strain energy density," Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions of the Asme, 121(6), 622–628 (1999).
Shi, Z., Neoh K.G., Kang E.T., Wang W., "Antibacterial and mechanical properties of bone cement impregnated with chitosan nanoparticles," Biomaterials, 27(11), 2440–2449 (2006).
Heo, S.J., Park S.A., Shin H.J., Lee Y.J., Yoon T.R., Seo H.Y., Ahn K.C., Kim S.E., Shin J.W., "Evaluation of bonding stress for the newly suggested bone cement: Comparison with currently used pmma through animal studies," Key Engineering Materials, 342–342, 373–6 (2007).
Liu, H., Webster T.J., "Nanomedicine for implants: A review of studies and necessary experimental tools," Biomaterials, 28(2), 354–369 (2007).
Ricker, A., Liu-Snyder P., Webster T.J., "The influence of nano mgo and baso4 particle size additives on properties of pmma bone cement," International Journal of Nanomedicine, 3(1), 125–1 (2008).
Sirinrath, S., Thomas J.W., "Multiwalled carbon nanotubes enhance electrochemical properties of titanium to determine in situ bone formation," Nanotechnology, 19(29), 95101–95101 (2008).
Lewis, G., "Alternative acrylic bone cement formulations for cemented arthroplasties: Present status, key issues, and future prospects," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part B Applied Biomaterials, 84(2), 301–319 (2008).
Khang, D., Kim S.Y., Liu-Snyder P., Palmore G.T.R., Durbin S.M., Webster T.J., "Enhanced fibronectin adsorption on carbon nanotube/poly(carbonate) urethane: Independent role of surface nano-roughness and associated surface energy," Biomaterials, 28(32), 4756–4768 (2007).
Sirinrath, S., Chang Y., Xingcheng X., Brian W.S., Thomas J.W., "Greater osteoblast functions on multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown from anodized nanotubular titanium for orthopedic applications," Nanotechnology, 18(36), 65102–65102 (2007).
ASTM, "Annual book of astm standards. Section 8," in D790-03 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. Philadelphia, PA, 2006.
Graham, J., Ries M., Pruitt L., "Effect of bone porosity on the mechanical integrity of the bone-cement interface," Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, 85A(10), 1901–1908 (2003).
Cowin, S.C., Bone mechanics handbook, (2001).
Lucksanasombool, P., Higgs W.A.J., Higgs R., Swain M.V., "Fracture toughness of bovine bone: Influence of orientation and storage media," Biomaterials, 22(23), 3127–3132 (2001).
Zou, L., Huang Y., Wang C.-a., "The characterization and measurement of interfacial toughness for si3n4/bn composites by the four-point bend test," Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 24(9), 2861–2868 (2004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Khandaker, M., Tarantini, S. (2011). Nanoscale Fracture Resistance Measurement of a Composite Bone Cement. In: Proulx, T. (eds) Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, Volume 2. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0219-0_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0219-0_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0218-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-0219-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)