Abstract
The presence of distant metastases is a general contraindication to resection of a primary tumor because most patients with stage IV cancers do not benefit from aggressive surgical management. Emerging data, however, indicate that some patients with limited hepatic metastases show improved survival following complete surgical removal of the liver tumors compared with stage-matched controls that do not undergo resection. Most of these individuals are patients with colorectal cancer, but tumors from other organs, including the breast and kidney, are increasingly treated in this fashion. Thus, intraoperative frozen section evaluation may be requested by the surgeon to (1) confirm a diagnosis of metastasis, (2) ensure complete resection of a metastatic tumor deposit, or (3) make a diagnosis on a newly discovered lesion.
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Yantiss, R.K. (2011). Metastases and Mimics of Metastatic Disease in the Liver. In: Yantiss, R. (eds) Frozen Section Library: Liver, Extrahepatic Biliary Tree and Gallbladder. Frozen Section Library. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0043-1_3
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