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Advances in Cryogenic Engineering pp 103–119Cite as

Elastic Constants at Low Temperatures: Recent Measurements on Technological Materials at NBS

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Part of the book series: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ((ACRE,volume 24))

Abstract

Solid-state low-temperature elastic properties have been studied experimentally at the NBS Cryogenics Division for four years [1–18]. Most studies were between room temperature and liquid-helium temperature; some were only to liquid-nitrogen temperature. In this paper these studies are reviewed for 47 technological materials—metals, alloys, and composites—listed in Table I. Elastic constants primarily discussed are Young’s modulus, the shear modulus, the bulk modulus (reciprocal compressibility), and Poisson’s ratio. Young’s modulus, E, the shear modulus, G, and the bulk modulus, B, are the elastic resistances to uniaxial, shear or torsional, and hydrostatic stresses, respectively. All these moduli have units of stress. Poisson’s ratio, ν, is the dimensionless negative ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain under uniaxial stress.

Invited paper.

Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency, Maritime Administration, and NASA.

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Abbreviations

B:

bulk modulus

C:

general elastic-stiffness constant

E:

Young’s modulus

e/a:

electron/atom ratio

f:

frequency

G:

shear or torsional modulus

l:

specimen length

s:

parameter in Varshni equation

t:

transit time, Einstein temperature

T:

temperature, Kelvin

v:

sound velocity

V:

voltage

λ:

wavelength

ν:

Poisson’s ratio

ρ:

mass density

d:

driver

g:

gauge

t:

transverse

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado, USA

    H. M. Ledbetter

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  1. H. M. Ledbetter
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

    K. D. Timmerhaus

  2. NBS Institute for Basic Standards, Boulder, Colorado, USA

    R. P. Reed  & A. F. Clark  & 

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© 1978 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Ledbetter, H.M. (1978). Elastic Constants at Low Temperatures: Recent Measurements on Technological Materials at NBS. In: Timmerhaus, K.D., Reed, R.P., Clark, A.F. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 24. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9853-0_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9853-0_9

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-9855-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-9853-0

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