Abstract
Instruments can be divided into several groups depending on the type of transmit insonation and signal reception used. The principal mode of imaging in medicine is echo or backscatter geometry. This has evolved because of the limited number of available windows into the body. Ultrasonic energy is stopped by bones and gas-filled cavities which can be found throughout the body. Therefore, medical instruments have evolved that transmit energy into and receive backscattered signals out of the same window. Transmission geometries in which the energy is transmitted entirely through the body, similar to x-ray techniques, have not been successful yet, although several have been developed and will be described in the next chapter. Other types of geometry such as orthogonal scattering, mode conversion scattering, and nonlinear imaging have not been successfully applied and will not be discussed in this book. This chapter begins with a brief review of piezoelectrics, beamforming, and scanning and then describes the relationship of scattering hierarchies to images obtained in the echo mode.
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© 1992 Mayo Foundation
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Greenleaf, J.F., Sehgal, C.M. (1992). Backscatter-Imaging Instruments. In: Biologic System Evaluation with Ultrasound. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9243-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9243-9_7
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