Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that postreplication modification of DNA is relevant to many fields that at first glance may not seem related. Some knowledge of DNA modification is necessary to understand, to teach, or to experiment in the fields of bacterial genetics, prokaryotic gene regulation, recombinant DNA and molecular cloning, eukaryotic gene regulation, developmental biology, and (probably) cancer. During the last 10 years, a large body of information has been accumulated on enzymatic DNA modification, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We thought it might be useful to bring all of this information together in one book, because the field of DNA methylation has become so large that searching the original literature has become a formidable task. In the past, cross-fertilization between studies on prokaryotes and eukaryotes has occurred in the methylation field. We hope this book will stimulate some additional cross-fertilization. No attempt will be made to discuss the evolution of the DNA methylation field from an historical perspective. However, to a certain extent, this is done in some of the chapters; also, the following list of recent reviews and some earlier key papers will serve to chronicle the development of the field.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arber W, Linn S: DNA modification and restriction. Ann Rev Biochem 1969; 38: 467–500.
Arber W: DNA modification and restriction. Prog Nucleic Acids Res Mol Biol 1974; 14: 1–37.
Bestor TH, Ingram VM: Two DNA methyltransferases from murine erythroleukemia cells: Purification sequence specificity, and mode of interaction with DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1983, 80: 5559–5563.
Bird AP: DNA methylation. II. The symmetry of methylated sites supports semi-conservative copying of the methylation pattern. J Mol Biol 1978; 118: 49–60.
Burdon RH, Adams RLP: Eukaryotic DNA methylation. Trends Biochem Sci, 1980; 5: 294–297.
Carr BI, Reilly JG, Smith SS, Riggs AD: The tumorigenicity of 5 azacytidine in the male Fischer rat (Unpublished data, 1984).
Compere SJ, Palmiter RD: DNA methylation controls the inducibility of the mouse metallothionein-I gene in lymphoid cells. Cell 1981; 25: 233–240.
Doerfler W: A regulatory signal in eukaryotic gene expression. J Gen Virol, 1981; 57: 1–20.
Doerfler W: DNA methylation and gene activity. Ann Rev Biochem 1983;52:93–124.
Drahovsky D, Boehm TLJ: Enzymatic DNA methylation in higher eukaryotes. Intern JBiochem, 1980; 12: 523–528.
Dunn DB, Smith JD: The occurrence of 6 methylaminopurine in deoxyribonucleic acids. Biochem J, 1958; 68: 627–636.
Ehrlich M, Wang RYH: 5 methylcytosine in eukaryotic DNA. Science, 1981; 212: 1350–1357.
Gold M, Hurwitz J, Andres M: The enzymatic methylation of RNA and DNA II. On the species specificity of the methylation enzymes. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA, 1963; 50: 164–169.
Gruenbaum Y, Cedar H, Razin A: Substrate and sequence specificity of a eukaryotic DNA methylase. Nature, 1982; 295: 620–622.
Hall RH: The Modified Nucleosides in Nucleic Acids. New York, Columbia University Press, 1971.
Harris, M: Induction of thymidine kinase in Enzyme-deficient Chinese hamster cells. Cell 1982; 19: 483–492.
Hattman S, DNA Methylation in The Enzymes 14 in Boyer PD (ed): New York and London, Academic Press, 1981;14:517–547.
Holliday R, Pugh JE: DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development. Science, 1975; 187: 226–232.
Hotchkiss RD: The quantitative separation of purines, pyrimidines and nucleosides by paper chromatography. J Biol Chem 1948; 175: 315–332.
Ivarie RD, Schachter BS, O’Farrell PH: The level of expression of the rat growth hormone gene in liver tumor cells is at least eight orders of magnitude less than that in anterior pituitary cells. Mol Cell Biol 1983; 3: 1460–1467.
Kalousek F, Morris NR: Deoxyribonucleic acid methylase activity in rat spleen. J Biol Chem 1968; 243: 2440–2443.
Kerbel RS, Frost P, Liteplo R, et al.: Induction of high frequency heritable changes in the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of tumor cell populations by 5-azacytidine treatment. J Cell Physiol (in press, 1984).
Landlph, JR, Jones PA: Mutagenieity of 5-azacytidine and related nucleosides in C3H/10% C18 and V79 cells. Cancer Res 1982, 42: 817–823.
Naveh-Many T, Cedar H: Active gene sequences are undermethylated. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 1981; 78: 4246–4250.
Olsson L, Forschhammer J: Induction of the metastatic phenotype in a mouse tumor model by 5 azacytidine. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), (in press, 1984)
Razin A, Riggs AD: DNA methylation and gene function. Science 1980; 210: 604–610.
Razin A, Friedman J: DNA methylation and its possible biological roles. Prog Nucleic Acids Res and Mol Biol 1981; 25: 33–52.
Razin A, Cedar H: DNA methylation in eukaryotic cells. Intern Rev Cytobiol (in press, 1984).
Riggs, AD: X inactivation, differentiation and DNA methylation. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1975; 14: 9–11.
Riggs AD, Jones P: 5-methylcytosine, gene regulation and cancer. Adv Cancer Res, 1983; 40: 1–40.
Riggs AD, Smith SS: DNA cytosine methylation: a new mechanism in somatic heredity, in: DNA Recombinant Technology, vol. 2. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, Inc., (in press, 1983).
Riggs AD, Singer-Sam J, Keith D, Carr BI:DNA methylation, X-inactivation and Cancer. 1984 Miami Winter Symposium: Human Genetic Disorders. ICSV Press (in press, 1984b).
Scarano E: The control of gene function in cell differentiation and in embryogenesis. Adv Cytopharmacol 1971; 1: 13–23.
Sheid B, Srinivasan PR, Borek E: Deoxyribonucleic acid methylase of mammalian tissues. Biochemistry, 1968; 7: 280–285.
Singer J, Robert-Ems J, Riggs AD: Methylation of mouse liver DNA studied by means of the restriction enzymes MspI and HpaII. Science 1979; 203: 1019–1023.
Sinsheimer RL. The action of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease. II. Isometric dinucleotides. J Biol Chem 1955; 215: 579–583.
Srinivasan PR, Borek E: Enzymatic alteration of Nucleic acids structure. Enzymes put finishing touches, characteristics of each species on RNA and DNA by insertion of methyl groups. Science 1964; 145: 548–553.
Taylor SM, Jones PA: Multiple new phenotypes introduced in 10T1/2 and 3T3 cells treated with 5-azacytidine. Cell 1979; 17: 771–779.
Urieli-Shoval S, Gruenbaum Y, Sedat J, Razin A: The absence of detectable meth- ylated bases in Drosophila melanogaster DNA, FEBS Lett 1982; 146: 148–152.
Wyat GR: Recognition and estimation of 5-methylcytosine in nucleic acids. Biochem J, 1951; 48: 581–58
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Razin, A., Cedar, H., Riggs, A.D. (1984). Introduction and General Overview. In: Razin, A., Cedar, H., Riggs, A.D. (eds) DNA Methylation. Springer Series in Molecular Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8519-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8519-6_1
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8521-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8519-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive