Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Complications of Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography

  • Chapter
Iatrogenic Disorders of the Fetus, Infant, and Child

Part of the book series: Radiology of Iatrogenic Disorders ((IATROGENIC))

Abstract

Because the risks of invasive vascular procedures are inherently greater in small patients, the development of pediatric angiography has lagged behind the adult experience. Nevertheless, invasive vascular techniques have come to play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many pediatric disorders. Although a high degree of safety and reliability has been achieved, complications do occur. In this chapter we consider the early and late complications of pediatric angiography and cardiac catheterization, and what can be done to prevent them.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Reilly BJ, Harwood-Nash DC: Radiological examination in the newborn. Radiol Clin North Am 13:171–179, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ho CS, Krovetz LJ, Rowe RD: Major complications of cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography in infants and children. Johns Hopkins Med J 131:247–258, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gilladoga AC, Levin AR, Deely WJ, et al: Cardiac catheterization and febrile episodes. J Pediatr 80:215–220, 1972

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Everett ED, Hirschmann JV: Transient bacteremia and endocarditis prophylaxis. Medicine 56:61–77, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sande MA, Levison ME, Lukas DS, et al: Bacteremia associated with cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med 281:1104–1106, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Winchell P: Infectious endocarditis as a result of contamination during cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med 248:245–246, 1953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Krovetz LJ, Sharklin DR, Schiebler GL: Serious and fatal complications of catheterization and angiocardiography in infants and children. Am Heart J 76:39–47, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Rowe RD: Cardiac catheterization. In Keith JD, Rowe RD, Vlad P (eds): Heart Disease in Infancy and Childhood, 3rd ed. Macmillan, New York, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gyepes MT: Abdominal aortography, renal and adrenal angiography. In Gyepes MT (ed): Angiography in Infants and Children. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  10. Friesinger GC, Schaffer J, Criley JM, et al: Hemodynamic consequences of the injection of radiopaque material. Circulation 31:730–740, 1965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nogrady MB, Dunbar JS: Delayed concentration and prolonged excretion of Urographie contrast medium in the first month of life. Am J Roentgenol 104:289–295, 1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Raininko R: Role of hypertonicity in the endothelial injury caused by angiographic contrast media. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 20:410–416, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lalli AF: Contrast media reactions: data analysis and hypothesis. Radiology 134:1–12, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fox KM, Patel RG, Bonvicini M, et al: Safe amounts of contrast medium for angiocardiography in neonates and infants. Eur J Cardiol 5:373–380, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bargeron M: Cineangiography in the neonate. In Godman MJ, Marquis RM (eds): Pediatric Cardiology, Vol 2: Heart Disease in the Newborn. Churchill Livingstone, London, 1979, pp 119–133

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sheps DS, Cameron BF, Mallon SM, et al: Depression of intramyocardial oxyhemoglobin dissociation by angiographic contrast media. Am Heart J 99:193–197, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Romero TE, Higgins CB, Kirkpatrick S, et al: Effects of contrast material on dimensions and hemodynamics of the newborn heart: a study in conscious newborn lambs. Invest Radiol 12:510–514, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Keane JF, Fyler DC, Nadas AS: Hazards of cardiac catheterization in children with primary pulmonary vascular obstruction. Am Heart J 96:556–558, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zelch JV, Meaney TF, Belhobek GH: Radiologic approach to the patient with suspected pheochromocytoma. Radiology 111:279–284, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  20. Porter CJ, Gillette PC, Mullins CE, et al: Cardiac catheterization in the neonate: a comparison of three techniques. J Pediatr 93:97–101, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Delisle G, Izukawa T, Olley PM, et al: Risk factors in cardiac catheterization in the newborn. Presented at the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, 25th Annual Meeting, Toronto, 1972, p 28

    Google Scholar 

  22. Braunwald E, Swan HJC (eds): Cooperative Study on Cardiac Catheterization (Monograph No. 20). American Heart Association, New York, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ansell G: Fatal overdose of contrast medium in infants. Br J Radiol 43:395–396, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hildner FJ, Javier RP, Ramaswamy K, et al: Near miss “pseudocomplications” of cardiac catheterization. Am J Cardiol 29:270, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  25. Watson H: Natural history of Ebstein’s anomaly of tricuspid valve in childhood and adolescence: an international cooperative study of 505 cases. Br Heart J 36:417–427, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Swan HJC, Ganz W, Forrester J, et al: Catheterization of the heart in man with use of a flow-directed balloon- tipped catheter. N Engl J Med 283:447–451, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lipton MJ, Abbott JA, Kosek JC, et al: Cardiovascular trauma from angiographic jets—validation of a theoretical concept in dogs. Radiology 129:363–370, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Stark J, Gandhi D, deLeval M, et al: Surgical treatment of persistent truncus arteriosus in the first year of life. Br Heart J 40:1280–1287, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Martin EC, Olson AP, Steeg CN, et al: Radiation exposure to the pediatric patient during cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography: emphasis on the thyroid gland. Circulation 64:153–158, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Waldman JD, Rummerfield PS, Gilpin EA, et al: Radiation exposure to the child during cardiac catheterization. Circulation 64:158–163, 1981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Grollman JH Jr: Radiation reduction by means of low pulse-rate fluoroscopy during cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography. Am J Roentgenol 121:636–641, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  32. Tyrrell MJ, Moes CAF: Congenital levoposition of the right atrial appendage. Am J Dis Child 121:508–510, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Park SC, Neches WH, Zuberbuhler JR, et al: Clinical use of blade atrial septostomy. Circulation 58:600–606, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Heymann MA, Rudolph AM; Ductus arteriosus dilatation by prostaglandin Ei in infants with pulmonary atresia. Pediatrics 59:325–329, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. White RI, Jr, Giargiana FA, Borushok M, et al: A new system for percutaneous catheterization of the pediatric patient. Radiology 107:443–444, 1973

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Meaney TF: Percutaneous femoral angiography. In Meaney TF, Lalli AF, Alfidi RJ (eds): Complications and Legal Implications of Radiologic Special Procedures. Mosby, St. Louis, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  37. Skovranek J, Samanek M: Chronic impairment of leg muscle blood-flow following cardiac catheterization in childhood. Am J Roentgenol 132:71–75, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Jacobsson B, Carlgren LE, Hedvall G, et al: A review of children after arterial catheterization of the leg. Pediatr Radiol 1:96–99, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hohn AR, Craenen J: Arterial pulses following percutaneous catheterization in children. Pediatrics 43:617–620, 1969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Simovitch H, Hohn AR, Wagner HR, et al: Percutaneous right and left heart catherization in children: experience with 1000 patients. Circulation 41:513–517, 1970

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mortensson W: Angiography of the femoral artery following percutaneous catheterization in infants and children. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 17:581–593, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Sunderland CO, Nichols GM, Henken DF, et al: Percutaneous cardiac catheterization and atrial balloon septostomy in pediatrics. J Pediatr 89:584–587, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Bedford RF: Radial artery function following percutaneous cannulation with 18 and 20 gauge catheters. Anesthesiology 47:37–39, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Fellows KE Jr: The uses and abuses of abdominal and peripheral arteriography in children. Radiol Clin North Am 10:349–366, 1972

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Carter GA, Girod DA, Hurwitz RA: Percutaneous cardiac catheterization in the neonate. Pediatrics 55:662–665, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Mortensson W, Hallböök T, Lundström NR: Percutaneous catheterization of the femoral vessels in children. II. Thrombotic occlusion of the catheterized artery: frequency and causes. Pediatr Radiol 4:1–9, 1975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Wallace S, Medellin H, DeJongh D, et al: Systemic heparinization for angiography. Am J Roentgenol 116:204— 209, 1972

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Freed MD, Keane JF, Rosenthal A: The use of heparinization to prevent arterial thrombosis after percutaneous cardiac catheterization in children. Circulation 50:565–569, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Girod D, Hurwitz R, Caldwell R: Prevention of thrombosis following percutaneous arterial catheterization by continued systemic heparinization. Presented to the World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology, London, June 1980

    Google Scholar 

  50. Bloom JD, Mozersky DJ, Buckley CJ, et al: Defective limb growth as a complication of catheterization of the femoral artery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 138:524–526, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Keane JF, Freed MD, Fellows KE, et al: Pediatric cardiac angiography using a 4 French catheter. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 3:313–319, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Mani RL, Helms CA, Eisenberg RL: A 5 French catheter with multiple side holes in abdominal aortography. Radiology 123:233–234, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Davis FM: Radial artery cannulation: influence of catheter size and material on arterial occlusion. Anaesth Intensive Care 6:49–53, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hawkins IF Jr, Haseman MK, Gelfand P: Single mini- catheter technique for abdominal aortography and selective injection. Radiology 132:755–757, 1979

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. White RI Jr: Fundamentals of Vascular Radiology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976, pp 137–146

    Google Scholar 

  56. Bedford RF, Ashford TP: Aspirin pretreatment prevents post-cannulation radial artery thrombosis. Anesthesiology 51:176–178, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Freed MD, Rosenthal A, Fyler D: Attempts to reduce arterial thrombosis after cardiac catheterization in children: use of percutaneous technique and aspirin. Am Heart J 87:283–286, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Fuster V, Dewanjee MK, Kaye MP, et al: Noninvasive radioisotope technique for detection of platelet deposition in coronary bypass grafts in dogs and its reduction with platelet inhibitors. Circulation 60:1508–1512, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Harter HR, Burch JW, Majerus PW, et al: Prevention of thrombosis in patients on hemodialysis by low-dose aspirin. N Engl J Med 301:577–579, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Izukawa T, Varghese PJ, Rowe RD: Topical papaverine in arteriotomies in infants and children: effect on incidence of thrombosis. J Pediatr 72:853–854, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mathews RA, Park SC, Neches WH, et al: Iliac venous thrombosis in infants and children after cardiac catheterization. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 5:67–74, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Rouault F, Huguet JF, Aubert J, et al: Cardiac catheterization by percutaneous femoral venous approach in infants weighing less than 5 kg. Pediatr Radiol 7:193–196, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Widestadh B, Bergentz S, Boijsen E: Catheter angiography and venous thrombosis. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 17:773–776, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Johnson JF, Basilio FS, Pettett PG, et al: Hemoperitoneum secondary to umbilical artery catheterization in the newborn. Radiology 134:60, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Cohen HR, Deutsch AM, Ryvicker MJ, et al: Reduction of catheter knots. Radiology 134:243–245, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Bergeron RT, Rumbaugh CL: Air embolism associated with the use of malfitting plastic connectors in angiography. Radiology 98:689–690, 1971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Eldh P, Jacobssen BO: Heparinized vascular catheters: a clinical trial. Radiology 111:289–292, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Ovitt TW, Durst RM, Amplatz K: Guide wire thrombogenicity and its reduction. Radiology 111:43–46, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Boros SJ, Thompson TR, Reynolds JW, et al: Reduced thrombus formation with silicone elastomere (Silastic) umbilical artery catheters. Pediatrics 256:981–986, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  70. Wilner GD, Casarella WJ, Baier R, et al: Thrombogenicity of angiographic catheters. Circ Res 43:424–428, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Dahlborn M, Soderlund U: Blood flow into vascular catheters following injection of saline solution and contrast medium: model experiments. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 20:439–446, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Winding O: Intrinsic particles in angiographic contrast media. Radiology 134:317–320, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Jacobsson B, Bergentz SE, Ljungquist U: Platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on vascular catheters in dogs. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 8:221–227, 1969

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Storstein O, Nitter-Hauge S, Enge I: Thromboembolic complications in coronary arteriography. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 18:555–560, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kelton JG, Blajchman MA: Prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin). Can Med Assoc J 122:175–179, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Albrechtsson U, Olsson CG: Thrombosis after phlebography: a comparison of two contrast media. Cardiovasc Radiol 2:9–18, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Gough JH, Gough MH, Thomas ML: Pulmonary complications following lymphangiography with note on technique. Br J Radiol 37:416–421, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Klein HJ: Lymphangiography. In Meaney TF, Lalli AF, Alfidi RJ (eds): Complications and Legal Implications of Radiologic Special Procedures. Mosby, St. Louis, 1973, pp 92–101

    Google Scholar 

  79. Clouse ME, Ahmed R, Ryan RB, et al: Complication of long term transbrachial hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Am J Roentgenol 129:799–803, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Cason WP, Whaley RR: Intra-arterial hepatic infusion via the axillary artery using the headhunter catheter. Radiology 134:247, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Fisher RG, Ferreyro R: Evaluation of current techniques for nonsurgical removal of intravascular iatrogenic foreign bodies. Am J Roentgenol 130:541–548, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Berenstein A, Kricheff II: Catheter and material selection for transarterial embolization: technical considerations. I Catheters. Radiology 132:619–630, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Berenstein A, Kricheff II: Catheter and material selection for transarterial embolization: technical considerations. II Materials. Radiology 132:631–639, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Porstmann W, Hieronymi K, Wierny L, et al: Nonsurgical closure of oversized patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension: report of a case. Circulation 50:376–381, 1974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Wallace S, Gianturco C, Anderson JH, et al: Therapeutic vascular occlusion using steel coil technique: clinical applications. Am J Roentgenol 127:381–387, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Gomes AS, Rysavy JA, Spadaccini CA, et al: Use of the bristle brush for transcatheter embolization. Radiology 129:345–350, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Lunderquist A, Borjesson B, Owman T, et al: Isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate) in obliteration of gastric coronary vein and esophageal varices. Am J Roentgenol 130:1–6, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Pond GD, Ovitt TW: Therapeutic applications of angiography: state of the art. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 9:14— 16, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  89. Thompson WM, Johnsrude IS, Jackson DC, et al: Vessel occlusion with transcatheter electrocoagulation: initial clinical experience. Radiology 133:335–340, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. White RI Jr, Kaufman SL, Barth KH, et al: Embolotherapy with detachable silicone balloons: technique and clinical results. Radiology 131:619–627, 1979

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Uflacker R: Percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices using absolute alcohol. Radiology 146:621–625, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Rabe FE, Yune HY, Richmond BD, et al: Renal tumor infarction with absolute alcohol. Am J Roentgenol 139:1130–1144, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  93. Miller FJ Jr, Mineau DE: Transcatheter arterial embolization—major complications and their prevention. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 6:141–149, 1983

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Mitty HA, Efremidis S, Keller RJ: Colonic stricture after transcatheter embolization for diverticular bleeding. Am J Roentgenol 133:519–521, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Bradley EL III, Goldman ML: Gastric infarction after therapeutic embolization. Surgery 79:421–424, 1976

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Braf ZF, Koontz WW: Gangrene of bladder: complication of hypogastric artery embolization. Urology 9:670–671, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Woodside J, Schwarz H, Bergreen P: Peripheral embolization complicating bilateral renal infarction with Gelfoam. Am J Roentgenol 126:1033–1034, 1976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Gang DL, Dole KB, Adelman LS: Spinal cord infarction following therapeutic renal artery embolization. JAMA 237:2841–2842, 1977

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Tegtmeyer CJ, Smith TH, Shaw A, et al: Renal infarction: complication of Gelfoam embolization of a hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Am J Roentgenol 128:305–307, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Wolpert SM, Stein BM: Factors governing the course of emboli in the therapeutic embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Radiology 131:125–131, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Greenfield AJ, Athanasoulis CA, Waltman AC, et al: Transcatheter embolization: prevention of embolic reflux using balloon catheters. Am J Roentgenol 131:651–655

    Google Scholar 

  102. Balsys R, Cross R: Multiple aneurysm formation as a complication of interventive angiography. Radiology 126:91–92, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Lina JR, Jaques P, Mandell V: Aneurysm rupture secondary to transcatheter embolization. Am J Roentgenol 132:553–556, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Tisnado J, Beachley MC, Cho SR, et al: Peripheral embolization of a stainless steel coil. Am J Roentgenol 133:324–326, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Culham JAG, Izukawa T, Burns J, et al: Embolization of a Blalock Taussig shunt in a child. Am J Roentgenol 137:413–415, 1981

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Jhaveri HS, Gerlock AJ Jr, Ekelung L: Failure of steel coil occlusion in a case of hypernephroma. Am J Roentgenol 130:556–557, 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. White RI Jr, Strandverg JV, Gross GS et al: Therapeutic embolization with long-term occluding agents and their effects on embolized tissues. Radiology 125:677–687, 1977

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Owman T, Lunderquist A, Alwmark A, et al: Embolization of the spleen for treatment of splenomegaly and hypersplenism in patients with portal hypertension. Invest Radiol 14:457–464, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Spigos DG, Jonasson O, Mozes M: Partial splenic embolization in the treatment of hypersplenism. Am J Roentgenol 132:777–782, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Likhite VV: Immunological impairment and susceptibility to infection after splenectomy. JAMA 236:1376–1377, 1976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Dotter CT, Judkins MP: Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction: description of a new technic and preliminary report of its application. Circulation 30:654–670, 1964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Griintzig A, Vetter W, Meier B, et al: Treatment of renovascular hypertension with percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a renal-artery stenosis. Lancet 1:801–802, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  113. Jensen R, Olin T: Complications at balloon catheter angiography: experiments in rabbits and dogs. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh) 20:593–605, 1979

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Katzen BT, Chang J: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with the Griintzig balloon catheter: technical problems encountered in the first forty patients. Cardiovasc Radiol 2:3–7, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Potter BM, Katzen BT: Transluminal angioplasty of the renal artery in children with renovascular hypertension. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Pediatric Radiology, Atlanta, Georgia, April 15–17, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  116. Lock JE, Castenada-Zuniga W, Fuhrman BP, et al: Balloon dilatation angioplasty of hypoplastic and stenotic pulmonary arteries. Circulation 67:962–967, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Lock JE, Bass JL, Amplatz K, et al: Balloon dilatation angioplasty of aortic coarctations in infants and children. Circulation 68:109–116, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. A. Gordon Culham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Robert M. Freedom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, 11203, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    E. George Kassner M.D. (Professor of Clinical Radiology) (Professor of Clinical Radiology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gordon Culham, J.A., Freedom, R.M. (1985). Complications of Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography. In: Kassner, E.G. (eds) Iatrogenic Disorders of the Fetus, Infant, and Child. Radiology of Iatrogenic Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8259-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8259-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-8261-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-8259-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation