Skip to main content

Application of Polyelectrolytes in Municipal Waste Treatment

  • Conference paper
Water-Soluble Polymers

Part of the book series: Polymer Science and Technology ((PST,volume 2))

  • 282 Accesses

Abstract

Raw municipal waste water consists of domestic sewage alone or a combination of domestic sewage, industrial waste and/or storm sewer run-off that contains five major pollutants: suspended solids, organic matter, phosphate compounds, nitrogen compounds, and pathogenic organisms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  1. S. Gutcho, Waste Treatment with Polyelectrolytes, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, N. J., 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. F. Hoover, “Cationic Quaternary Polyelectrolytes — A Literature Review,” Presented at 158th National ACS Meeting, New York, Sept. 9, 1969;

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. F. Hoover, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A4, 1327 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. W. M. Chamont and J. T. Burke (to Nalco Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,479,282 (Nov. 18, 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  5. F. J. Glavis, D. H. Clemens, and R. P. McDonnell (to Rohm & Haas Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,442,799 (May 6, 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. R. Harrison and D. J. Monagle (to Hercules Inc.), U. S. Pat. 3,479,283 (Nov. 18, 1972 ).

    Google Scholar 

  7. C. P. Priesing, S. J. Mogelnicki, G. J. Schwark, and S. L. Daniels (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,539,510 (Nov. 10, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. C. Eck and W. E. Zegel (to Allied Chemical Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,537,990 (Nov. 3, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. C. Eck (to Allied Chemical Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,493,501 (Feb. 3, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  10. R. E. Crowe, “Recent Developments in the Application of Organic Polyelectrolytes in Sewage Treatment Practices,” American Chemical Society National Meeting, Chicago, Sept. 2, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  11. P. V. Freese and E. Hicks, “Full–Scale Raw Wastewater Flocculation with Polymers,” Environmental Protection Agency, Program #17050 E.J.B., Grant #WPRD 53–01–67, Nov. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  12. S. Mogelnicki, “Experiences in Polymer Applications to Several Solids-Liquids Separation Process,” Proceedings–Tenth Sanitary Engineering Conference–Waste Disposal from Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, University of Illinois, Feb. 6–7, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. F. Rizzo and R. E. Schade, “Secondary Treatment with Granular Activated Carbon,” Water and Sewage Works, 116, 307–12 (Aug. 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. J. Wirts, “The use of Organic Polyelectrolyte for Operational Improvement of Waste Treatment Processes,” Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Grant No. W.P.R.D. 102–01–68, May 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Effects of Raw Sewage Flocculation in Secondary Waste Treatment Plants, The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. Thorpe, “Polyelectrolytes Help Water-Pollution Control,” Hercules Chemist, 55, 13–20 (Sept. 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  17. H. Akyel and M. Neven, “High Molecular Weight Synthetic Floc-culants in Modern Wastewater Treatment,” Chem. Ingr. Tech. (Germany), 39, 172 (1967);

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Akyel and M. Neven, “High Molecular Weight Synthetic Floc-culants in Modern Wastewater Treatment,” Chem. Abstracts, 67, 25248 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  19. K. D. Larson, R. E. Crowe, D. A. Maulwurf, and J. L. Witherow, “Use of Polyelectrolytes in Treatment of Combined Meat-Packing and Domestic Wastes,” Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, 43, No. 11, 2218–2228 (Nov. 1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Environmental Protection Agency-Water Quality Office, Chemical Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows, Water Pollution Control Research Series, 11023FDB, Sept. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. Asendorf, “A New Way of Treating Combined Domestic and Industrial Sewages,” Industrieabwaesser, 30–2 (May 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  22. D. E. Nagy (to American Cyanamid Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,567,659 (Mar. 2, 1971 ).

    Google Scholar 

  23. C. C. Thurman, J. S. Scruggs, and F. N. Teumac (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,341,476 (Sept. 12, 1967 ).

    Google Scholar 

  24. T. J. Suen and A. M. Schiller (to American Cyanamid Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,171,805 (Mar. 2, 1965 ).

    Google Scholar 

  25. C. S. Scanley and H. P. Panzer (to American Cyanamid Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,503,946 (Mar. 31, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  26. D. I. Hoke (to Lubrizol Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,666,810 (May 30, 1972 ).

    Google Scholar 

  27. W. A. Rogers and J. E. Woehst (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,320,317 (May 16, 1967 ).

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. D. Lees (to Hercules Inc.), U. S. Pat. 3,480,541 (Nov. 25, 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. H. Jones, “Liquid-Solids Separation in Domestic Waste with a Cationic Polyelectrolyte,” Thesis, University of Florida, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. J. Odom, T. P. Schumaker, and P. R. Bloomquist (to Reich-hold Chemicals, Inc.), U. S. Pat. 3,484,837 (Dec. 16, 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  31. R. F. Wukash (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,506,570 (Apr. 14, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  32. R. F. Wukash and R. D. Goodenough (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,488,717 (Jan. 6, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  33. S. L. Daniels and D. G. Parker (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,617,569 (July 31, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  34. R. F. Wukash, “Phosphate Removal, Grayling, Michigan, and Lake Odesso, Michigan,” Presented at Michigan Water Pollution Control Association Annual Conference, June 16–18, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  35. R. C. Brenner, “Phosphate Removal by Chemical Addition During Primary Treatment,” Proc. of Eighth Pittsburgh Sanitary Engineering Conference - Nutrient Removal and Advanced Waste Treatment, University of Pittsburgh, Feb. 17, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  36. H. G. Flock and F. E. Bernardin, “Phosphate Removal by Chemical Precipitation and Activated Carbon Filtration–Denitrification Through Activated Carbon Filtration,” 41st Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Association of Pennsylvania, August 6–8, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. G. Flock and E. G. Rausch (to Calgon Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,655,552 (Apr. 11, 1972 ).

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. C. Eck and W. C. Zegel (to Allied Chemical Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,453,207 (July 1, 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  39. P. C. Singer, W. O. Pipes, and E. R. Hermann, “Flocculation of Bulked Activated Sludge with Polyelectrolytes,” Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, 40, No. 2, 21–129 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. L. Woldman, J. H. Dougherty, and A. F. Gaudy, “Effect of Selected Organic Polyelectrolytes on Activated Sludge Systems,” Division of Water, Air and Waste Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Minneapolis, Apr. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  41. P. L. Busch and W. Stumm, “Chemical Interactions in the Aggregation of Bacteria-Bioflocculation in Waste Treatment,” Environmental Science and Technology, 2, No. 1, 49–53 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. K. M. Ries, “Application of Polymers in Existing Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants,” Water and Sewage Works, R 195-R 197 (Nov. 29, 1968 ).

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. F. Walker and J. H. Dougherty, “Use of Polyelectrolytes Coagulants to Enhance Settling Characteristics of Activated Sludge,” Proceedings of the 20th Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, 52, No. 3, 715–723 (July 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  44. M. W. Tenney and W. Stumm, “Chemical Flocculation of Microorganisms in Biological Waste Treatment,” Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, 37, No. 10, 1370–1388 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. M. J. Hurwitz and H. Aschkenasy (to Rohm & Haas Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,288,707 (Nov. 29, 1966 ).

    Google Scholar 

  46. V. J. Jordan and C. H. Scherer, “Gravity Thickening Techniques at a Water Reclamation Plant,” Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, 42, No. 2, Part 1 (Feb. 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  47. B. L. Goodman, “Chemical Conditioning of Sludges,” Water and Wastes Engineering, 3, No. 2, 62–64 (Feb. 1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. B. L. Goodman and K. A. Mikkelson, Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Chemical Engineering/Deskbook Issue, 77, No. 9, (Apr. 27, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Water and Sewage Works, 111, 64–66 (Jan. 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. A. Boehler and M. R. Purvis (to Nalco Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,617,542 (Nov. 2, 1971 ).

    Google Scholar 

  51. B. Davis and S. Love, “Biological Chemical Combination Dramatically Cuts Treatment Costs,” Water and Pollution Control, 35 (May 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. H. Duff, R. Dvorin, and E. Salem, “Phosphate Removal by Chemical Precipitation,” Industrial Water Engineering, 19–22, (Aug. 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  53. J. W. Ducan, “The Use of Polyelectrolytes as an Aid to Sewage Sludge Thickening,” Nigeria Journal of Science, 3, No. 1, 65–68 (Mar. 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. A. Hilson, “Sludge Conditioning by Polyelectrolytes,” Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers, 25, 402–417 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. R. D. Crowe and E. E. Johnson, “Organic Polyelectrolytes-A New Approach to Raw Sewage Flocculation,” Paper Presented at the 38th W.P.C.F. Conference (Oct. 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. R. Harrison, D. J. Monagle, and R. W. Smith (to Hercules Inc.), Canadian Pat. 893,945 (Feb. 22, 1972 ).

    Google Scholar 

  57. G. A. Ettelt and T. J. Kennedy, “Research and Operation Experience in Sludge Dewatering,” Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 38, No. 2, 250 (Feb. 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  58. R. L. Braithwaite, “Polymers as Aids to the Pressure Flotation of Waste Activated Sludge,” Water and Sewage Works, 11, No. 12, 545–547 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  59. G. A. Ettelt, “Activated Sludge Thickening by Dissolved Air Flotation,” Proc. of the 9th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, 210–244 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  60. W. J. Gatz and A. Geinopolis, “Sludge Thickening by Dissolved Air Flotation,” Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 946–957 (June 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  61. C. P. Priesing and S. Mogelnicki (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,247,102 (Apr. 19, 1966 ).

    Google Scholar 

  62. C. P. Priesing and S. Mogelnicki (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,259,570 (July 5, 1966 ).

    Google Scholar 

  63. F. C. Buhl and R. D. Lees (to Hercules Inc.), U. S. Pat. 3,414,513 (Dec. 3, 1968 ).

    Google Scholar 

  64. B. W. Dahl, J. W. Zelinski, and O. W. Taylor, “Polymer Aids in Dewatering and Elutriation,” Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 44, No. 2, 201–211 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. C. P. Priesing and S. Mogelnicki (to Dow Chemical Co.), U. S. Pat. 3,300,407 (Jan. 24, 1967 ).

    Google Scholar 

  66. J. M. Sherbeck, “Synthetic Organic Flòcculants Used for Sludge Conditioning,” Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 37, No. 8, 1180–1183 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. P. B. Reilly, “A Discussion on Guidelines for Applying Organic Polymers in Sewage Sludge Conditioning,” Presented at Ohio Water Pollution Control Conference Northeast Section, Akron, Ohio, April 28, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  68. G. J. Hopkins and R. L. Jackson, “Polymers in the Filtration of Raw Sludge,” Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 43, No. 4, 689–698 (Apr. 1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. J. E. Boothe, H. G. Flock, and M. F. Hoover, “Some Homo- and Copolymerization Studies of Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride,” Presented at 158th ACS National Meeting, New York, Sept. 9, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  70. R. A. LoSasso and E. G. Rausch (to Calgon Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,642,619 (Feb. 15, 1972 ).

    Google Scholar 

  71. R. D. Bargman, W. F. Garber, and J. Nagano, “Sludge Filtration and the Use of Synthetic Organic Coagulants at Hyperion,” Sewage and Industrial Wastes, 30, No. 9, 1079–1099 (Sept. 1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. F. E. Bailey and E. M. LaCombe (to Union Carbide Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,214,370 (Oct. 26, 1965 ).

    Google Scholar 

  73. M. F. Hoover, R. J. Schaper, and J. E. Boothe (to Calgon Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,412,019 (Nov. 19, 1968 ).

    Google Scholar 

  74. W. J. Levy, J. P. Newport, and R. J. W. Reynolds (to Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., England), U. S. Pat. 3,432,430 (Mar. 11, 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  75. E. H. Crook and F. X. Pollio, “Removal of Soluble Organic and Insoluble Organic and Inorganic Materials by Flocculation,” Presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the International Water Conference, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Oct. 20–26, 1965 ).

    Google Scholar 

  76. R. J. Schaper (to Calgon Corp.), U. S. Pat. 3,514,398 (May 26, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  77. B. A. Schepman, “Designing Vacuum Filter Systems to Fit the Type of Sludge,” Wastes Engineering, 162–165 (Apr. 1956).

    Google Scholar 

  78. J. M. Brawn, “Vacuum Filtration of Digested Sludge,” Water and Sewage Works, 107, No. 5, 193–195 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  79. E. H. Trubnick, “Vacuum Filtration of Raw Sludge,” Water and Sewage Works, 107, R-287-R-292 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  80. R. S. Burd, The Dow Chemical Co., Personal Communication, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  81. L. Sharman, Water and Wastes Engineering, 4, No. 8, 50–52 (Aug. 1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. R. A. Conway, “Cationic Organic Coagulants in Wastewater Treatment,” Water and Sewage Works, 109, No. 9, 342–344 (Sept. 1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. R. S. Burd, Proc. 2nd Annual San. Eng. Conf., Vanderbuilt University, Nashville, Tenn., 76–85, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  84. R. C. Buhl (to Hercules Inc.), U. S. Pat. 3,414,514 (Dec. 3, 1968 ).

    Google Scholar 

  85. R. V. Larvey, “Use of Polymers in Sludge Dewatering,” W.P.C.F. Highlights, 8, No. 7, pD-6, (July 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  86. R. H. Morris, “Polymer Conditioned Sludge Filtration,” Water and Wastes Engineering (Mar. 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  87. G. Thomas, W. Wisfeld, and G. Derenk, Brit. Pat. 1,225,635 (Mar. 17, 1971 ).

    Google Scholar 

  88. R. B. Schaffer, “Polyelectrolytes in Industrial Waste Treatment,” Proc. of the 18th Purdue Industrial Wastes Conference, 1963, pp. 447–459.

    Google Scholar 

  89. G. W. Kumke, J. F. Hall, and R. W. Oeben, “Conversion to Activated Sludge at Union Carbide’s Institute Plant, Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, 40, 1408 (Aug. 1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. P. A. Vesilind, “Polymer Usage Gaining for Sludge Dewatering,” Water and Waste Engineering, 8, No. 4 (Apr. 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  91. W. J. Montanaro, “Sludge Dewatering by Centrifuges Recent Operating Experiences,” Presented at the 37th Annual Conf. Water Pollution Control Association of Pennsylvania, Penn. State University (Aug. 5, 1965 ).

    Google Scholar 

  92. O. E. Albertson and E. E. Guidi, “Centrifugation of Waste Sludges,” Water Pollution Control Federation Jounral, 607–628 (Apr. 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  93. O. E. Albertson and R. J. Sherwood, “Centrifuge for Dewatering Sludges,” Water and Wastes Engineering, 5, No. 4, 56–58 (Apr. 1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Plenum Press, New York

About this paper

Cite this paper

Flock, H.G., Rausch, E.G. (1973). Application of Polyelectrolytes in Municipal Waste Treatment. In: Bikales, N.M. (eds) Water-Soluble Polymers. Polymer Science and Technology, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4583-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4583-1_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4585-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4583-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics