Abstract
After its invention by R. B. Merrifield (1962), solid-phase peptide synthesis has passed through a considerable evolution (Merrifield, 1969; Stewart and Young, 1969; Losse and Neubert, 1970a; Marshall and Merrifield, 1971); it evolved from the synthesis of a tetrapeptide (Merrifield, 1963) to the synthesis of a ribonuclease preparation (124 amino acid residues, AA) with 78% enzymatic activity (Gutte and Merrifield, 1971).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baas, J. M. A., Beyerman, H. C.. van de Graaf, B., and de Leer, E. W. B., 1971, The relative statistical distribution of peptides in stepwise synthesis, in “Peptides-1969” (E. Scoffone, ed.), p. 173, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Baba, T., Sugiyama, H., and Seto, S., 1971, Solid phase synthesis of the active center octapeptide of Candida krusei cytochrome C apoprotein, Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tokoku Univ. Ser. A 23: 85.
Bayer, E., 1969. Neuere Ergebnisse der Peptidesynthese am Festkörper, Chem. Labor Betr. 20: 193.
Bayer, E.. 1970, New results in the solid phase method for the synthesis of peptides, in “Peptides: Chemistry and Biochemistry” (B. Weinstein and S. Lande, eds.), p. 99, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Bayer, E.. and Koenig, W. A., 1969, Sequence analysis of polypeptides by chromatography and mass spectrometry, J. Chromatog. Sci. 7: 95.
Bayer, E., Hagenmaier, H.. Jung. G., and König, W., 1968a, Solid phase synthesis of oxytocin and apoferredoxin. in “Peptides 1968” (E. Bricas, ed.), p. 162, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Bayer, E., Eckstein, H., Hägele, K., König, W. A., Brüning, W., Hagenmaier, H., and Parr, W., 1970, Failure sequences in the solid phase synthesis of polypeptides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92: 1735.
Bayer, E., Hagenmaier, H., Jung, G., Parr, W., Eckstein, H., Hunziker, P., and Sievers, R. E., 1971, The problem of failure sequences in the solid phase synthesis of peptides, in “Peptides 1969” (E. Scoffone, ed.), p. 65, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Beacham. J., Dupuis. G., Finn, F. M.. Storey, H. T., Yanaihara, C., Yanaihara, N., and Hoffmann, K., 1971, Studies on polypeptides. XLIX. Fragment condensations with peptide derivatives related to the primary structure of ribonuclease T, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93: 5526.
Beyerman, H. C., 1972. Some fundamental experiments in solid-phase peptide synthesis, in “Progress in Peptide Research.” Vol. II (S. Lande, ed.), p. 25, Gordon and Breach, New York.
Beyerman, H. C., and Hindriks, H., 1971, Determination of the completeness of coupling in solid phase peptide synthesis by a colour indicator, in “Peptides 1969” (E. Scoffone, ed.), p. 145, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Beyerman, H. C., Boers-Boonekamp, C. A. M., van Zoest, W. J., and van den Berg, D., 1967, Active esters and bifunctional catalysts in solid-phase peptide synthesis, in “Peptides” (H. C. Beyerman, A. van de Linde, and W. Maassen van den Brink, eds.), p. 117, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Beyerman, H. C., Hindriks, H., and de Leer, E. W. B., 1968B, Alcoholysis of Merrifield-type peptide—polymer bonds, Chem. Commun. 1968:1668. ’
Beyerman, H. C., Hindriks, H., Hirt, J., and de Leer, E. W. B., 1971a, Alcoholysis of the peptide—polymer bond in solid-phase synthesis, in “Peptides 1969” (E. Scoffone, ed.), p. 87, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Beyerman, H. C., van der Kamp, P. R. M., de Leer, E. W. B., Maassen van den Brink, W., Parmentier, J. H., and Westerling, J., 1971b, Monitoring of solid-phase peptide synthesis by making use of N-(2–14C-Boc)-amino acids and determination of the peptide content with 35S-sulfuric acid, in “Proceedings of the Eleventh European Peptide Symposium, Vienna, Austria” (H. Nesvadba, ed.) (1973), p. 138, Amsterdam
Beyerman, H. C., Lie, T. S.. and van Veldhuizen, C. J., 1971c, On the formation of pyroglutamylpeptides in solid-phase peptide synthesis. “Proceedings of the Eleventh European Peptide Symposium, Vienna, Austria” (H. Nesvadba, ed.) (1973), p. 162, Amsterdam.
Beyerman, H. C., Hindriks, H., Hirt, J., de Leer, E. W. B., and van der Wide, A., 1972a, A synthesis of the decapeptide sequence proposed for the LH- and FSH-releasing homone, Rec. Tray. Chini. Pays-Bas 91: 1239.
Bodanszky, M., and Bath, R. J., 1969. Active esters and resins in peptide synthesis: The role of steric hindrance, Chem. Commun, 1969: 1259.
Bodanszky, M., and Sheehan, J. T., 1964, Active esters and resins in peptide synthesis, Chem. Ind. (Lond.) 1964: 1423.
Bodanszky, M., and Sheehan, J. T., 1966, Active esters and resins in peptide synthesis, Chem. Ind. (Lond.), 1966: 1597.
Brunfeldt, K., and Christensen, T., 1972, Process monitoring in solid phase peptide synthesis, amino group blocking effect of impure methylenechloride, FEES Letters 19:345. Brunfeldt, K., and Halstrem, J., 1970, Tritylation of a partially protected pentapeptide syn- thesized by the Merrifield solid-phase method, Acta Chem. Scand. 24: 3013.
Brunfeldt, K., Roepstorff, P., and Thomsen, J., 1969, Process control in the solid phase peptide synthesis by titration of free amino groups, Acta Chem. Scand. 23: 2906.
Brunfeldt, K., Roepstorff, P., and Thomson, J., 1971, Process control in automated peptide synthesis, in “Peptides-1969” (E. Scoffone, ed.), p. 148, North-Holland, Amsterdam. Brunfeldt, K., Christensen, T., and Villemoes, P., 1972a, Automatic monitoring of solid phase synthesis of a decapeptide, FEBS Letters 22:238.
Brunfeldt, K., Bucher, D., Christensen, T., Roepstorff, P., Rubin, 1., Schou, O., and Villemoes, P. 1972b, Automated monitoring of solid phase peptide synthesis by perchloric acid titration, in “Chemistry and Biology of Peptides” (J. Meienhofer, ed.), p. 183, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor.
Chou, F. C.-H., Chawla, R. K., Kibler, R. F., and Shapira, R., 1971, Incomplete deblocking as a cause of failure sequence in solid phase peptide synthesis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93: 267.
Corley, L., Sachs, D. H., and Anfinsen, C. B., 1972, Rapid solid-phase synthesis of bradykinin, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 47: I353.
Dorman, L. C., 1969, A non-destructive method for the determination of completeness of coupling reactions in solid phase peptide synthesis, Tetrahedron Letters 1969: 2319.
Dorman, L. C., and Markley, L. D., 1971, Solid phase synthesis and antibacterial activity of N-terminal sequences of melittin, J. Med. Chem. 14: 5.
Dorman, L. C., Markley, L. D., and Mapes, D. A., 1971, A model system for studying solid phase peptide reactions, Anal. Biochem. 39: 492.
Dutta, A. S., and Morley, J. S., 1971, Polypeptides. Part XII. The preparation of 2-pyridyl esters and their use in peptide synthesis, J. Chem. Soc. (C) 1971: 2896.
Esko, K., and Karlsson, S., 1970, Effects of Boc-amino acid adsorption with respect to yield and racemisation in the Merrifield method, Acta Chem. Scand. 24: 1415.
Esko, K., Karlsson, S., and Porath, J., 1968, A method for determining free amino groups in polymers with particular reference to the Merrifield synthesis, Acta Chem. Scand. 22: 3342.
Fankhauser, P., Brenner, M., Schilling, B., and Fries, P., 1971, Reaktionen an Trägerharzen: Zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Totalumsatzes, in “Proceedings of the Eleventh European Peptide Symposium, Vienna, Austria” (H. Nesbadva, ed.) (1973), p. 153.
Felix, A. M., and Merrifield, R. B., 1970, Azide solid phase peptide synthesis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92: 1385.
Garden, J., II, and Tometsko, A. M., 1972, Fluorometric method for quantitative determination of free amine groups in peptide-containing Merrifield resins, Anal. Biochem. 46: 216.
Geiger, R., 1971. Die Syntheses physiologisch wirksamer Peptide, Angew. Chem. 83: 155.
Geising, W., and Hörnle, S., 1971, Bestimmung freier Aminogruppen mittels 14C-markiertem Phenylisothiocyanat bei der Peptidsynthese in fester Phase, in “Proceedings of the Eleventh European Peptide Symposium, Vienna, Austria” (H. Nesvadba, ed.) (1973), p. 146.
Gisin, B. F., 1972. The monitoring of reactions in solid-phase peptide synthesis with picric acid, Anal. Chim. Acta 58: 248.
Gisin, B. F., and Merrifield, R. B., 1972, Carboxyl-catalyzed intramolecular aminolysis. A side reaction in solid-phase peptide synthesis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94: 3102.
Gisin, B. F., Merrifield, R. B., and Tosteson, D. C., 1969, Solid-phase synthesis of the cyclododecadepsipeptide valinomycin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91: 2691.
Gut, V., and Rudinger, J.. 1968, Rate measurements in solid phase peptide synthesis, in “Peptides-1968” (E. Bricas, ed.), p. 185, North-Holland, Amsterdam
Gutte, B., and Merrifield, R. B., 1969, The total synthesis of an enzyme with ribonuclease A activity, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91: 501.
Gutte, B., and Merrifield. R. B., 1971, The synthesis of ribonuclease A, J. Biol. Chem. 246: 1922.
Hagenmaier, H., 1970, The influence of the chain length on the coupling reaction in solid phase peptide synthesis, Tetrahedron Letters 1970: 283.
Hammerström, K., Lunkenheimer, W., and Zahn, H., 1970, Peptides 78, Merrifield synthesis of the insulin sequence B 1–8 using various thiol protecting groups, Makromol. Chem. 133: 41.
Hancock, W. S., Prescott, D. J.. Nulty, W. L., Weintraub, J., Vagelos, P. R., and Marshall, G. R., 1971, The synthesis of a protein with acyl carrier protein activity, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93: 1799.
Hancock, W. S., Prescott, D. J., Vagelos, P. R., and Marshall, G. R., 1973, Solvatation of the polymer matrix. Source of truncated and deletion sequences in solid phase synthesis, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 38: 774.
Hindriks, H., 1972, Thesis (this laboratory), Delft, Vaste-fase peptide synthesen. Hirt, J., 1971, unpublished results (this laboratory).
Hörnle, S., 1967, Synthese der Rinder-Insulin-A-Kette nach der Merrifield-Methode unter ausschliesslicher Verwendung von tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl-aminosäure-p-nitro-phenylestern, Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 348: 1355.
Hörnle, S., and Geising, W., 1971, Determination of free amino groups by the use of “C-labelled isothiocyanate during solid phase peptide synthesis, Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 352: 5.
Jakubke, H. D., and Baumert, A., 1971, Vergleich einiger für die Festphasen-Peptidsynthese eingesetzten Kupplungsmethoden am Beispiel eines Modellpeptids, in “Proceedings of the Eleventh European Peptide Symposium, Vienna, Austria” (H. Nesvadba, ed.) (1973), p. 132, Amsterdam.
Jollès, P., and Jollès, J., 1968, Synthèse par la methode de Merrifield d’un octapeptide faisant partie du lysozyme de blanc d’oeuf de Poule (enchaînement Cys64 Gly“), Hely. Chim. Acta 51: 980.
Jorgensen, E. C., Windridge, G. C., Patton, W., and Lee, T. C., 1969, Angiotensin II analogs. I. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Gly’,G1y2,I1es-angiotensin II, Ac-Gly’,Gly2,I1e5angiotensin II, and Gly’,GIy2,Ile5,His(Bzl)6-angiotensin II, J. Med. Chem. 12: 733.
Kaiser, E., Colescott, R. L., Bossinger, C. D., and Cook, P. I., 1970, Color test for detection of free terminal amino groups in the solid-phase synthesis of peptides, Anal. Biochem. 34: 595.
Karlsson, S., Lindeberg, G., Porath, J., and Ragnarsson, U., 1970a, Removal of t-butyloxy-carbonyl groups in solid phase peptide synthesis, Acta Chem. Scand. 24: 1010.
Karlsson, S., Lindeberg, G., and Ragnarsson, U., 1970b, Reactivity of p-nitrophenyl esters in solid phase peptide synthesis, Acta Chem. Scand. 24: 337.
Khosla, M. C., Chaturvedi, N. C., Smeby, R. R., and Bumpus, F. M., 1968, Synthesis of 1-isoleucine-, 3-proline-and 5-alanine-angiotensins. II., Biochemistry 7: 3417.
Klostermeyer, H., 1968, Synthese von Gramicidin S mit Hilfe der Merrifield-Methode, Chem. Ber. 101: 2823.
Krumdieck, C. L., and Baugh, C. M., 1969, The solid-phase synthesis of polyglutamates of folid acid, Biochemistry 8: 1568.
Li, C. H., and Yamashiro, D., 1970, The synthesis of a protein possessing growth-promoting and lactogenic activities, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92: 7608.
Loffet, A., 1968, personal communication.
Loffet, A., and Dremier, C., 1971, A new reagent for the cleavage of the tertiary butyloxycarbonyl protecting group, Experientia 27: 1003.
Losse, A., 1971, Einfluss der Harz-Struktur auf den Peptid-Bindungsschritt der Merrifield-Synthese, Tetrahedron Letters 1971: 4989.
Losse, G., and Klengel, H., 1971, Synthese des Depsipeptides Valinomycin nach der Festphasenmethode, Tetrahedron 27: 1423.
Losse, G., and Neubert, K.. 1970a. Peptidesynthese an hochpolymeren Verbindungen, Z. Chem. 10: 48.
Losse, G., and Neubert, K., 1970b, Synthese von Gramicidin S durch neue Varianten der Festphasensynthese, Tetrahedron Letters 1970: 1267.
Losse, G., and Ulbrich, R., 1971, Kontrolle des Umsatzgrades bei der Merrifield-Synthese, Z. Chem. 11: 346.
Lübke, K., 1971, Solid-phase synthesis of Args-vasopressin, in “Peptides-1969” (E. Scoffone, ed.), p. 154, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Lunkenheimer, W., and Zahn, H., 1970, Peptide, LXXIX, Merrifield-Synthese symmetrischer Cystinpeptide, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 740: 1.
Markley, L. D., and Dorman, L. C., 1970, A comparative study of terminating agents for the use in solid-phase peptide synthesis, Tetrahedron Letters 1970: 1787.
Marshall, G. R., and Merrifield, R. B., 1971, Solid phase synthesis: The use of solid supports and insoluble reagents in peptide synthesis, in “Biochemical Aspects of Reactions on Solid Supports” (G. R. Stark, ed.), p. 111, Academic Press, New York and London.
Mehlis, B., Fischer, W., and Niedrich, H., 1971, A method for the determination of conversion in the Merrifield peptide synthesis, in “Peptides-1969” (E. Scoffone, ed.), p. 146, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Merrifield, R. B., 1962, Peptide synthesis on a solid polymer, Fed. Proc., Fed. Am. Soc. Exptl. Biol. 21: 412.
Merrifield, R. B., 1963, Solid phase peptide synthesis. 1. The synthesis of a tetrapeptide, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85: 2149.
Merrifield, R. B., 1964, Solid-phase peptide synthesis. III. An improved synthesis of bradykinin, Biochemistry 3: 1385.
Merrifield, R. B., 1965, Automated synthesis of peptides, Science 150: 178.
Merrifield, R. B., 1969, Solid-phase peptide synthesis, Advan. Enzymol. Rel. Areas Mol. Biol. 32: 221.
Merrifield, R. B.. Stewart, J. M., and Jernberg, N., 1966, Instrument for automated synthesis of peptides, Anal. Chem. 38: 1905.
Mitchell, A. R., and Roeske, R. W., 1970, Amino acid insertion in solid-phase peptide synthesis, Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.. Chem. 35: 1171.
Miura, Y., Toyama, M., and Seto, S., 1968, Solid phase synthesis of a nonapeptide of melittin, Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ. Ser. A 20: 41.
Najjar, V. A., and Merrifield, R. B., 1966, Solid phase peptide synthesis. VI. The use of the o-nitrophenylsulfenyl group in the synthesis of the octapeptide bradykininylbradykinin, Biochemistry 5: 3765.
Ney, K. H., and Polzhofer, K. P., 1968, Synthese von Casein-Peptiden nach der Merrifield-Methode, Tetrahedron 24: 6619.
Noda, K., Terada, S., Mitsuyasu, N., Waki, M., Kato, T., and Izumiya, N., 1970, Snake venom peptides. I. Solid phase synthesis of a hexapeptide fragment of cobrotoxin, Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu Unir. Ser. C 7: 189.
Okuda, T., and Zahn, H.. 1969, Synthese der B-Ketten des Human- sowie des Rinderinsulins nach dem Festkörper-Verfahren von Merrifield, Makromol. Chem. 121: 87.
Polzhofer, K. P., 1972. Synthese eines Labempfindlichen Pentadecapeptide aus Kuh-K-Casein, Tetrahedron 28: 855.
Polzhofer, K. P., and Ney, K. H., 1970, Synthese von Casein-Peptiden nach der Merrifield-Methode, Tetrahedron 26: 3221.
Potts, J. T., Jr., Tregear, G. W.. Keutmann, H. T., Niall, H. D., Sauer, R., Deftos, L. J., Dawson, B. F., Hogan, M. L.. and Aurbach, G. D., 1971, Synthesis of a biologically active N-terminal tetratriacontapeptide of parathyroid hormone, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 68: 63.
Ragnarsson, U., Lindeberg, G., and Karlsson, S., 1970, Note on the use of active esters in combination with 1,2,4-triazole in solid phase peptide synthesis, Acta Chem. Scand. 24: 3079.
Ragnarsson, U., Karlsson S., and Sandberg, B., 1971, Studies on the coupling step in solid phase peptide synthesis. Some preliminary results from competition experiments, Acta Chem. Scand. 25: 1487.
Richards, F. F., Sloane, R. W.. Jr., and Haber, E., 1967. The synthesis and antigenic properties of a macromolecular peptide of defined s,..;uence bearing the dinitrophenol hapten, Biochemistry 6: 476.
Rivaille, P., Robinson. A.. Kamen, M., and Milhaud, G., 1971, Synthèse en phase solide de l’hormone de libération de l’hormone lutéotrophique (LH-RH), Heir. Chim. Acta 54: 2772.
Rivier, J., Monahan, M., Vale, W., Grant, G., Amoss, M., Blackwell, R., Guillemin, R., and Burgus, R.. 1972. Solid phase peptide synthesis on a benzhydrylamine resin of LRF (luteinizing hormone releasing factor) and analogues including antagonists, Chimia 26: 300.
Rothe, M., and Mazänek, J., 1972, Nebenreaktionen bei der Festphasen-Peptidesynthese als Folge der Bildung von Cyclopeptiden, Angew. Chem. 84: 290.
Rudinger, J., and Gut, V., 1967, Discussion, in “Peptides” (H. C. Beyerman, A. van de Linde, and W. Maassen van den Brink, eds.), p. 89, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Sano, S., Tokunaga, R., and Kun, K. A., 1971, Solid phase method for peptide synthesis using macroreticular copolymers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 244: 201.
Schaich, E., and Schneider, F. 1971, Experiments on the synthesis of a partial sequence of a streptococcal protease by the Merrifield method, Hopp-Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 352: 4.
Shapira, R., Chou, F. C.-H., McKneally, S., Urban, E., and Kibler, R. F., 1971, Biological activity and synthesis of an encephalitogenic determinant, Science 173: 736.
Sieber, P., and Iselin, B., 1968, Peptidsynthesen unter Verwendung der 2-(p-Diphenyl)-iso-propyloxycarbonyl (Dpoc)-Aminoschutzgruppe, Hely. Chim. Acta 51: 622.
Sievertsson, H., Chang, J.-K., von Klaudy, A., Bogentoft, C., Curry, B., Folkers, K., and Bowers, C., 1972, Two syntheses of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone of the hypothalamus, J. Med. Chem. 15: 222.
Stewart, J. M., 1971, personal communication.
Stewart, J. M., and Woolley, D. W., 1965, All-o-bradykinin and the problem of peptide anti-metabolites, Nature (Lond.) 206: 619.
Stewart, J. M., and Young, J. D., 1969, “Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis,” Freeman, San Francisco.
Takashima, H., du Vigneaud. V., and Merrifield, R. B., 1968, The synthesis of deaminooxytocin by the solid phase method, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90: 1323.
Tregear, G. W., Niall, H. D., Potts, J. T., Jr., Leeman, S. E., and Chang, M. M., 1971, Synthesis of substance P, Nature New Biol. 232: 87.
Van Melick, J. E. W., and Wolters, E. T. M., 1972, Selective formylation of amino groups under neutral conditions, Synth. Commun. 2: 83.
Weigele, M., Blount, J. F., Tengi, J. P., Czajkowski, R. C., and Leimgruber, W., 1972a, The fluorogenic ninhydrin reaction, structure of the fluorescent principle, J. A. Chem. Soc. 94: 4052.
Weigele, M., DeBernardo, S. L., Tengi, J. P., and Leimgruber, W., 1972b, A novel reagent for the fluorometric assay of primary amines, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94: 5927.
Westall, F. C., and Robinson, A. B., 1970, Solvent modification in Merrifield solid-phase peptide synthesis, Error! Hyperlink reference not validChem. 35:2842.
Weygand, F., and Obermeier, R., 1968, Messung des Umsatzes bei der Festkörper-Peptidsynthese mit Hilfe einer massenspektrometrischen Verdünnungsanalyse, Z. Naturforsch. B23: 1390.
Wieland, T., Birr, C., and Flor, F., 1969a, Synthese von Antamanid mit der Merrifield-Technik, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 727: 130.
Wissmann, H., and Geiger, R., 1970, Abtrennung von Fehlsequenzen in der Festphasen-Peptidsynthese mit dem Anhydrid der 3-Sulfopropionsäure, Angew. Chem. 82: 937.
Wünsch, E., 1971, Synthese von Peptid-Naturstoffen, Angew. Chem. 83: 773.
Yamashiro, D., Blake, J.. and Li, C. H., 1972, The use of N°,N’0“-bis(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)histidine and N°-2-(p-biphenylyl)isopropyloxycarbonyl-N”“-tert-butyloxycarbonylhistidine in the solid-phase synthesis of histidine-containing peptides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94: 2855.
Zhukova, G. F., Ravdel’, G. A.. and Shchukina, L. A., 1970, Synthesis of eledoisin analogs on a polymer, J. Gen. Chem. (U.S.S.R.) 40: 2750.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1973 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hirt, J., de Leer, E.W.B., Beyerman, H.C. (1973). Monitoring in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. In: Katsoyannis, P.G. (eds) The Chemistry of Polypeptides. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4571-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4571-8_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4573-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4571-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive