Skip to main content

Latitude and the Human Circadian System

  • Chapter
Biological Aspects of Circadian Rhythms

Abstract

The term “latitude” is here used in its geographical sense, and term “circadian system” implies the sum of circadian subsystems in an organism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. F. Halberg, Chronobiology. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 31, 675–725 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. D. B. Jackson, Circadian variations in endogenous neurotransmitter levels in the isolated sino-atrial node. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. North Dakota (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. V. Andrews and G. E. Folk, Circadian metabolic patterns in cultured hamster adrenal glands. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 11, 393–409 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Reinberg, Methodologie considerations for human chronobiology. J. Interdiscipl. Cycle Res., 2, 1–15 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. H. W. Simpson, M. C. Lobban and F. Halberg, Arctic Chronobiology. Arctic Anthropol, 7, 144–164 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. J. Konopka and S. Benzer, Clock mutants of drosophila melanogaster. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., 68, 9, 2112–2116 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Aschoff, Exogenous and endogenous components in circadian rhythms. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol, 25, 11–18 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G. W. G. Sharp, The effect of light on diurnal leucocyte variations. J. Endocr., 21, 213–218 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. G. W. G. Sharp, The effect of light on the morning increase of urine flow. J. Endocr., 21, 219–223 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. C. Fortier, Dual control of adrenocorticotrophin release. Endocrinology, 49, 782–788 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. F. Hollwich, The influence of light via the eyes on animals and man. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 117, 105–131 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. W. B. Quay, 24-hour rhythms in pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine and hydroxyindole-o-methyl transferase activity in the macaque. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol Med. (N.Y.), 121, 946–948 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. W. B. Quay, Significance of darkness and monoamine oxidase in the nocturnal changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase activity of the macaque’s epiphysis cerebri. Brain Res. 3, 277–286 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R. J. Wurtman, J. Axelrod, G. Sedvall and R. Y. Moore, Photic and neural control of the 24 h epinephrine rhythm in the rat pineal gland. J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 157, 487–492 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W. B. Quay, Circadian and estrus rhythms in pineal and brain serotonin. In Prog. in brain res., 8. Himwich and Himwich (Ed.). Elsevier, New York, 61–63 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. S. Russell, L.J. Rubinstein and C. E. Lumsden, The Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System. Arnold, London. 318 pp (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Gasten and M. Menaker, Pineal function: the biological clock in the sparrow. Science, 160, 1125–1127 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M. C. Lobban and B. E. Tredre, Perception of light and the maintenance of human renal diurnal rhythms. J. Physiol, Lond., 189, 32–33P (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  19. E. D. Weitzman and L. Hellman, Temporal organization of the 24 h pattern of the hypothalmic pituitary axis. Conf. on biorhythms and human reproduction in Tuxedo. R. Vande Wiele (Ed.). Wiley, New York. In Press (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  20. F. W. Went, Photo and thermo periodic effects in plant growth. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol., 25, 221–230 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. C. Pittendrigh, V. Bruce and P. Kaus, On the significance of transients in daily rhythms. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 44, 965–973 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Halberg, E. Halberg, C. P. Barnum and J. Bittner, Physiological 24 h periodicity in human beings and mice, the lighting regimen and daily routine. In Photoperiodism and related phenomena in plants and animals. R. B. Withrow (Ed.), Am. Ass. advd. Sci. Washington D.C., 55, 803–877 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. W. Simpson, Studies on the daily rhythm of the adrenal cortex. Ph.D. Thesis, Glasgow University. 2 volumes (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  24. R. Christianson and B. M. Sweeney, The dependence of the phase response curve for the luminescence rhythm in Gonyaulax and the light intensity in constant conditions. Chronobiology, In press (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Okamoto, K. Kohzuma and Y. Horiuchi, Seasonal variation of Cortisol metabolites in normal man. J. Clin.– Endocr. Metab., 24, 470–471 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. G. Watanabe, Seasonal variation of adrenal cortex activity. Arch. Envir. Hlth, 9, 192–200 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. F. A. Cook, Some physical effects of Arctic cold, darkness and light. Med. Record, 51, 833–836 (1897).

    Google Scholar 

  28. J. Llewellyn, Light and sexual periodicity. Nature, 129, 868 (1932).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Batschelet, D. Hillman, M. Smolensky and F. Halberg, Angular linear correlation co-efficient for rhythmometry and circannual changes of human births at different latitudes. Chronobiology. In press (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  30. C.J. Scrutton, Fossil Corals -Calendars for the ancient earth. Spectrum, July 6–7 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  31. F. Halberg, J. Reinhardt, F. C. Bartter, C. Delea, R. Gordon, A. Reinberg, J. Ghata, M. Halhuber, H. Hoffmann, R. Gunther, E. Knapp, J. C. Pena and M. Garcia-Sainz, Agreement in endpoints from circadian rhythmometry on healthy human beings living on different continents. Experientia, 25, 106–112 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. H. W. Simpson, Cycles in Social Behaviour. Nature, 231, 463 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. F. Halberg and H. W. Simpson, Circadian acrophases of human 17-hydroxy-corticosteroid excretion referred to midsleep rather than midnight. Hum. Biol., 39, 405–413 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. M. C. Lobban, Human renal diurnal rhythms at the equator. J. Physiol., Lond., 204, 133–134P (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. C. Lobban, Daily rhythms of renal excretion in arctic-dwelling Indians and Eskimos. Quart. J. exp. Physiol, 52, 401–410 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. C. Lobban, The entrainment of circadian rhythms in man. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 25, 325–332 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. G. Bohlen, Circumpolar chronobiology. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  38. A. Wallace, Mental Illness, Biology and Culture. Chapter 9. In Psychological Anthropology; Approaches to Culture, and Personality, Francis L. K. Hsu (Ed.). Dorsey Press, Homewood, Illinois. 255–293 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. W. Simpson, The Exploring Scientist. Br. J. Sports Med. In press (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. Simpson, Due North. Gollancz, London (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  41. L. Brontman, The Soviet Expedition to the North Pole, 1937–1938. Covici Friede, New York (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  42. F. A. Cook, Return from the Pole. F. H. Pohl (Ed.). Burke, London (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. Lindhardt, Contribution to the physiology of respiration under the Arctic climate. Meddelesler om Grønland, 41, 78–81 (1913).

    Google Scholar 

  44. J. I. Evans, The effect on sleep of travel across time-zones. Clin. Trials J., 7, 64–75 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  45. H. E. Lewis, Physiology. In Venture to the Arctic. 145–166. R. A. Hamilton (Ed.). Pelican Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  46. J. Shurley and C. Pierce, Ref. to unpublished work in Biological rhythms in Psychiatry and Medicine. G. Luce (Ed.), for National Institute of Mental Health. Pub. U.S. Department of Health (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  47. F. Nansen, Farthest North. Constable, London. 2 volumes. 1220 pp (1897).

    Google Scholar 

  48. F. K. Paddock, C. C. Loomis and A. K. Perkons, An inquest on the death of Charles Francis Hall. New Engl. J. Med., 282, 784–786 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. P. Freuchen, Ice Floes and Flaming Waters. Travel Book Club, trans. Hambro. Gollancz, London (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. H. Friedman and C. A. Walker, Circadian rhythms in rat mid brain and caudate nucleus biogenic amine levels. J. Physiol., Lond., 197, 77–85 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. A. Brill, Piblokto or Hysteria among Peary’s Eskimos. J. nerv. ment. Dis. 40, 514–520 (1913).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. K. Rodahl, North, 1953. Harper, New York, 237 pp (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  53. F. G. Vallee, Eskimo theories of mental illness in the Hudson Bay region. Anthropologica, 8, 53–83 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. G. E. Folk, Introduction to Environmental Physiology. Lea Febiger, Pha (1966).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Plenum Publishing Company Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Simpson, H.W., Bohlen, J.G. (1973). Latitude and the Human Circadian System. In: Mills, J.N. (eds) Biological Aspects of Circadian Rhythms. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4565-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4565-7_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4567-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4565-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics