Abstract
The last two months have been very exciting ones in elementary particle physics. They have been filled with the most rapid and unexpected discoveries that I can recall. The highlight of this period is undoubtedly the finding of very narrow boson resonances, 1–4 the ψ’s at 3.1 and 3.7 GeV.
Work supported by Energy Research and Development Administration.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J.-E. Augustin et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 33, 1406 (1974).
J.J. Aubert et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 33, 1404 (1974).
C. Bacci et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 33, 1408 (1974)
Erratum, Phys. Rev. Letters 33, 1649 (1974).
G.S. Abrams et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 33, 1453 (1974).
M. Gell-Mann, Phys. Letters 8, 214 (1964).
G. Zweig, CERN preprints TH.401 and TH.412, unpublished (1964).
M.Y. Han and Y. Nambu, Phys. Rev. 139, B1006 (1965).
D. Benaksas et al., Phys. Letters 39B, 289 (1972)
D. Benaksas et al., ibid., 42B, 507 (1972)
D. Benaksas et al., ibid., 48B, 155 (1974)
D. Benaksas et al., ibid., 48B, 159 (1974)
D. Benaksas et al., ibid., 40B, 685 (1972).
G. Cosme et al., paper submitted to the Bonn Conference, August 1973 (unpublished).
G. Salvini, talk presented at the Italian Society of Physics, October 28 - November 2, 1974 (unpublished). The total cross sections used are “grand average” values from Frascati experiments.
J.-E. Augustin et al., SLAC-PUB-1520, 1975 (unpublished). A 10% uncertainty in overall normalization is not included in Fig. 1.
See, for example, J.D. Bjorken in Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Electron and Photon Interactions at High Energies, H. Rollnik and W. Pfeil, eds. ( North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1974 ), p. 25.
The possibility of a step and/or bump in R at charm threshold and asymptotic approach to 10/3 was stressed before the recent experimental data by K. Wilson, ref. 14, J. Kogut, ref. 15, and T. Appelquist and H.D. Politzer, ref. 16.
K. Wilson, remarks at the London Conference, July 1974 (unpublished).
J. Kogut, invited talk at the American Physical Society meeting, William and Mary College, September 5–7, 1974, and Cornell preprint CLNS-285, 1974 (unpublished).
T. Appelquist and H.D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 43 (1975).
B. Richter, in Proceedings of the XVII International Conference on High Energy Physics, J.R. Smith, ed. ( Science Research Council, Chilton, Didcot, 1974 ), p. IV - 37.
B.A. Barnett, invited talk at this conference.
G.K. O’Neill, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Series II, 20, 95 (1975).
See, for example, F.J. Gilman, invited talk at the Irvine Conference, December 1973, and SLAC-PUB1396, 1974 (unpublished).
H. Lynch, invited talk at this conference.
R.F. Schwitters, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Series II, 20, 95 (1975).
W. Braunschweig et al., DESY preprints DESY 74/59, 1974 (unpublished) and DESY 74/62, 1974 (unpublished) and DESY 74/62, 1974 (unpublished).
R. Hofstadter, invited talk at this conference, and R.L. Ford et al., Stanford University preprint HEPL 748, 1975 (unpublished).
We are assuming that J = 1 and all decay modes are detected in evaluating widths. See the discussion of widths and radiative corrections in J. Bjorken et al., SLAC-PUB-1515, 1974 (unpublished), and also K. Geer et al., Ohio State preprint, COO-1545–147, 1974 (unpublished), and D.R. Yennie, Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 239 (1975).
G. Wolf, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Series II, 20, 95 (1975).
A.M. Boyarski et al., SLAC-PUB-1523, 1975 (unpublished).
This has been particularly pointed out by H. Harari, SLAC-PUB-1514, 1974 (unpublished).
D.E. Andrews et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 233 (1975)
E.H. Thorndike, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Series II, 20, 95 (1975).
J.F. Martin et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 288 (1975).
University of Massachusetts - SLAC experiment as quoted at the Anaheim meeting, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Series II, 20, 95 (1975).
SLAC - University of Wisconsin experiment as quoted at the Anaheim meeting, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Series II, 20, 95 (1975).
Columbia University, University of Hawaii, Cornell University, University of Illinois, FNAL experiment as quoted at the Anaheim meeting, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., Series II, 20, 95 (1975).
See, for example, the arguments of I. Bars and R. D. Peccei, Stanford University preprint ITP-480, 1974 (unpublished).
See, for example, the review of K. Gottfried, Proc. of the 1971 Int. Symposium on Electron and Photon Interactions at High Energies, N.B. Mistry, ed. ( Cornell University, Ithaca, 1972 ), p. 221.
C.E. Carlson and P.G.O. Freund, University of Chicago preprint EFI 74–60, 1974 (unpublished).
Also relevant to the nature of the tp’s is their production in nucleon-nucleon collisions and other purely hadronic reactions. This has been treated by J.F. Gunion, University of Pittsburgh preprint, 1974 (unpublished)
R. Blankenbecler et al., SLAC-PUB-1531, 1975 (unpublished)
R.M. Barnett and D. Silverman, Harvard University preprint, 1975 (unpublished)
J. Kripfganz and J. Ranft, Leipzig preprint, 1975 (unpublished).
General reviews of the theoretical possibilities have been given in print by H. Harari, ref. 28; I. Bars et al., SLAC-PUB-1522, 1974 (unpublished); and by the CERN Boson Theory Workshop, CERN preprint TH. 1964, 1974 (unpublished). See also ref. 41. Much of the material in this section covers the same ground as the above and other quoted references. My apologies are offered to the many people who have made the same analysis and arguments, whether in or out of print, who are not referenced here.
O.W. Greenberg, invited talk at this conference.
The case for charm has been particularly argued for by T. Appelquist and H.D. Politzer, ref. 16
A. De Rujula and S.L. Glashow, Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 46 (1975)
T. Appelquist et al., Harvard preprint, 1974 (unpublished); and by M.K. Gaillard, B.W. Lee, and J.L. Rosner, FNAL preprint Pub-74/86-THY, 1974
T. Appelquist et al., Harvard preprint, 1974 (unpublished); and by M.K. Gaillard, B.W. Lee, and J.L. Rosner, FNAL preprint Pub-74/86-THY, 1974(unpublished)
S. Borchardt et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 38 (1975) and Rochester preprint UR-505, 1974 (unpublished). Reviews of aspects of the charm option can be found in ref. 39 and in C. G. Callan et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 52 (1975)
S. Kitakado et al., DESY preprint, 1971(unpublished)
L. Clavelli and T.C. Yang, Maryland preprint, 1974 (unpublished)
E. Takasugi and S. Oneda, Maryland preprints, 1974(unpublished)
P. Marcolungo, Padova preprint, 1974 (unpublished)
Y. Hara, Tokyo preprint, 1975 (unpublished)
K. Kajantie et al., Helsinki preprint, 1975 (unpublished)
J. Pasupathy, Tata Institute preprint, 1974 (unpublished). See also refs. 43 and 48.
Nothing prevents one from adding more than one new quark: see R.M. Barnett, Harvard preprint, 1974 (unpublished)
M. Suzuki, Berkeley preprint, 1974 (unpublished); and many unpublished schemes.
J.D. Bjorken and S.L. Glashow, Phys. Letters 11, 255 (1964)
S.L. Glashow, J. Illiopoulos, and L. Maiani, Phys. Rev. D 2, 1285 (1970)
See also S. L. Glashow in Experimental Meson Spectroscopy -1974, D. Garelick, ed., AIP Conference Proceedings No. 21, Subseries on Particles and Fields No. 8 ( American Institute of Physics, New York, 1974 ), p. 387.
See in particular the asymptotically free gauge theory calculations of T. Appelquist and H.D. Politzer, ref. 16, and of A. De Rujula and S.L. Glashow, ref. 41.
Inasmuch as the recent partial wave analysis of the rrp system by F. Wagner, M. Tabak, and D.M. Chew, Berkeley preprint LBL-3395, 1974 (unpublished) shows that the w(1675) definitely has JP = 3 and is therefore the partner of the g(1680), none of the partners of the p’(1600) can be claimed to have been seen. Establishment of the w’ and 4’ is obviously of some interest.
Estimates of charmed particle masses are to be found in refs. 39 and 41. A lower bound of 1.84 GeV is provided by the narrow ψ(3.7) width.
See, for example, the review of the quark model states in F.J. Gilman, Proceedings of the Summer Institute on Particle Physics, M. Zipf, ed., SLAC Report No. SLAC-179, Vol. I, 307 (1974).
Such calculations are reported in the first three papers of ref. 41 and by E. Eichten et al., Cornell preprint, 1971 (unpublished); B.J. Harrington et al., Phys. Rev. Letters 34, 168 (1975)
H.J. Schnitzer, Harvard preprint, 1971 (unpublished)
T.P. Cheng and P.B. James, Missouri preprint, 1975 (unpublished)
J. Kogut and L. Susskind, Cornell preprint, 1975 (unpublished).
M. Gell-Mann, D. Sharp, and W. Wagner, Phys. Rev. Letters 8, 261 (1962).
See, for example, F.J. Gilman and M. Kugler, Phys. Rev. Letters 30, 518 (1973).
N. Barash-Schmidt et al., “Review of Particle Properties,” Phys. Letters 50B, No. 1 (1974).
Such mixing and a model for the violations of Zweig’s rule through the three-gluon channel in asymptotically free gauge theories have been discussed in detail by A. De Rujula and S.L. Glashow,ref. 41.
See also T. Appelquist and H.D. Politzer, ref. 16; and T. Appelquist et al., ref. 41.
These transitions are discussed in detail by T. Appelquist et al., ref. 41
E. Eichten et al., ref. 48
J. Borenstein and R. Shankar, Harvard preprint, 1974 (unpublished)
S. Rudaz, Cornell preprint, 1974 (unpublished). They have also been treated with varying thoroughness in many of the papers in refs. 39 and 41.
We use the notation Tlc for the pseudoscalar state (associated with the x(3.1)) following M.K. Gaillard, B.W. Lee, and J.L. Rosner, ref. 41.
See for example M.K. Gaillard, B.W. Lee, and J.L. Rosner, ref. 41.
G. Altarelli, N. Cabibbo, and L. Maiani, Ecole Normale Superieure preprint, 1974 (unpublished).
See also R.L. Kingsley et al., Princeton preprint, 1975 (unpublished).
If one assumes that the piece of the weak nonleptonic Hamiltonian transforming like the regular, 15-dimensional representation of SU(4) dominates, this is no longer true, as noted by J.D. Bjorken and H. Harari (private communication), and by A. Pais and V. Rittenberg, Rockefeller preprint, C00–2232B-69, 1975 (unpublished). Also H. Fritzsch (private communication).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gilman, F.J. (1975). Electron-Positron Annihilation and the Structure of Hadrons. In: Perlmutter, A., Widmayer, S.M. (eds) Theories and Experiments in High-Energy Physics. Studies in the Natural Sciences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4464-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-4464-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4466-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-4464-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive