Abstract
For the last few years ‘rural poverty’ has occupied a prominent place in official pronouncements and policy declarations. The new fashion was inaugurated by Robert McNamara in 1973 when, as President of the World Bank, he ‘unveiled his grandiose scheme for the rural poor’.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
McNamara’s Nairobi address to the Bank’s Board of Directors. See also Ernest Feder: ‘Capitalism’s Last-ditch Effort to Save Underdeveloped Agricultures: International Agribusiness, the World Bank and the Rural Poor’ Journal of Contemporary Asia, 7, 1 ( Special Issue: Development and Underdevelopment, 1977 ), 56–78.
McNamara’s Nairobi address to the Bank’s Board of Directors. See also Ernest Feder: ‘Capitalism’s Last-ditch Effort to Save Underdeveloped Agricultures: International Agribusiness, the World Bank and the Rural Poor’ Journal of Contemporary Asia, 7, 1 ( Special Issue: Development and Underdevelopment, 1977 ), 64
McNamara’s Nairobi address to the Bank’s Board of Directors. See also Ernest Feder: ‘Capitalism’s Last-ditch Effort to Save Underdeveloped Agricultures: International Agribusiness, the World Bank and the Rural Poor’ Journal of Contemporary Asia, 7, 1 ( Special Issue: Development and Underdevelopment, 1977 ), 70
McNamara’s Nairobi address to the Bank’s Board of Directors. See also Ernest Feder: ‘Capitalism’s Last-ditch Effort to Save Underdeveloped Agricultures: International Agribusiness, the World Bank and the Rural Poor’ Journal of Contemporary Asia, 7, 1 ( Special Issue: Development and Underdevelopment, 1977 ), 72–73
D.H. Penny and Masri Singarimbun: Population and Poverty in Rural Java: Some Economic Arithmetic from Sriharjo (Ithaca, Cornell University, 1973; Indonesian translation: Penduduk dan kemiskinan: Kasus Sriharjo di pedesaan Jawa; published in 1976 [Jakarta, Bhratara], with a foreword by Professor Sajogyo).
Sajogyo: ‘Modernization without Development in Rural Java’ (unpublished paper written for FAO, 1973), see in particular 72, 35.
Sajogyo: ‘Rural Development Programs in Indonesia: Village Solidarity and other Goals’ (unpublished paper prepared for ACDA, Kuala Lumpur, 1974-75), lOff.
Big evils require strong medicines’.
Masri Singarimbun: ‘Srihaijo Revisited’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 12, 2 (July 1976), 125 ff.
Tebasan is a system of using intermediaries who buy the whole crop shortly before the harvest and bring in hired labourers from outside the village to reap the harvest.
See, for example, William Collier, Gunawan Wiradi and Soentoro: ‘Recent Changes in Rice Harvesting Methods: Some Serious Social Implications’, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 9, 2 (July 1973), 36-45; Ann Stoler: ‘Some Socio-Economic Aspects of Rice Harvesting in a Javanese village’, Masyarakat Indonesia, 2, 1 (1975), 51–87; Sajogyo: ‘Modernization’, 41–45.
N.G. Schulte Nordholt: ‘Geintegreerde rurale ontwikkelingen: Enkele opmerkingen gebaseerd op de Indonesische ( Midden-Javaanse) situatie’ (unpublished paper, January 1977 ).
In his ‘Modernization’ paper Professor Sajogyo has pointed out that in the Indonesian bureaucracy ‘invariably too much of “planning from above” was “pushed down” to village headmen and to farmers’; 11.
Since dividing the villagers into classes was a normal procedure in investigations undertaken by the PKI, it is possible that officials are still afraid of being labelled as ‘procommunist’ if they would stress such distinctions. A good scholarly analysis of social classes in Indonesian villages can be found in Ina E. Slamet: Pokok-pokok pembangunan masjarakat desa; Sebuah pandangan antropologi budaja (Jakarta, Bhratara, 1963). In Dutch published as De Indonesische dorps samenleving (Indonesian Village Society; University of Amsterdam, Department of South and Southeast Asia, 1968).
W.F. Wertheim: East-West Parallels: Sociological Approaches to Modern Asia ( The Hague, Van Hoeve, 1964 ), 259–77.
See, for example, H. ten Dam: ‘Cooperation and Social Structure in the Village of Chibodas’, Indonesian Economics: The Concept of Dualism in Theory and Policy ( The Hague, Van Hoeve, 1961 ), 347–82.
Gerrit Huizer: ‘Betting on the Weak: From Counterpoint Towards Revolution’, Buitende grenzen: Sociologische opstellen aangeboden aan Prof. dr. W.F. Wertheim (Meppel, Boom, 1971), 104–29. See also Pieter Streefland: ‘Wedden op de zwakken: Kanttekeningen bij ontwikkelingshulp vanuit een “van onderen’ perspectief’ [Betting on the Weak:(29th October 1976 ).
J.J. Westendorp Boerma: Johannes van den Bosch als sociaal hervormer: De maatschappij van weldadigheid ( Groningen, Noordhoff, 1927 ).
See Elaine Capizzi: ‘Trade Unions and the New Order’, Repression and Exploitation in Indonesia (Nottingham, Spokesman, 1974), 35–49.
Sajogyo: ‘Modernization’, 12.
Sajogyo: ‘Modernization’, 71.
Capizzi: ‘Trade Unions’, 46.
Richard Franke: ‘Limited Good and Cargo Cult in Indonesian Economic Development’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2, 4 (1972), 366–81.
Richard Franke: ‘Limited Good and Cargo Cult in Indonesian Economic Development’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2, 4 (1972), 372.
Richard Franke: ‘Limited Good and Cargo Cult in Indonesian Economic Development’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2, 4 (1972), 377.
W.F. Wertheim: ‘Polarity and Equality in the Chinese Peoples Communes’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 4, 1 (1974), 24–35; see also my unpublished paper ‘Elite or Vanguard of the Masses? The Chinese Experiment’, prepared for the Transnational Institute (Amsterdam, 1976 ).
William Hinton: Fanshen: A Documentary of Revolution in a Chinese Village ( New York/London, Monthly Review Press, 1966 ), 7–8.
For this point I may refer to Charles Bettelheim: Revolution culturelle et organization industrielle en Chine (Paris, Maspero, 1973), 81 note
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1979 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers bv, The Hague
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wertheim, W.F. (1979). Aid to the Poor — or Betting on the poor?. In: Development of Societies: The Next Twenty-Five Years. Institute of Social Studies, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3952-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3952-6_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3954-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3952-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive