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Ultrastructure of Reproduction pp 190–204Cite as

The cell surface of the mammalian embryo during early development

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Part of the book series: Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine ((EMBM,volume 2))

Abstract

In experiments wherein he rearranged the blastomeres of cleavage-stage mouse embryos, Tarkowski (1) made the very simple yet profound observation that those blastomeres residing within the embryo tend to become inner cell mass (ICM) while those on the outside of the embryo tend to become trophectoderm (Fig. 1). He concluded that individual blastomeres possessed the ability to become either ICM or trophectoderm, based on relative cell position within the embryo, at least up to the 8-cell stage. Subsequent experiments have shown that this ability is not lost until the morula stage, when the embryo consists of 16–32 closely apposed cells (2). These observations have led to the ‘inside/outside’ hypothesis, which states that the relative position of a cell within the morula determines the subsequent developmental fate of that cell (1–3). If this is so, how is such positional information translated into the appropriate genetic activity which will lead to the differentiation of the cell to ICM or trophectoderm? In addition, how is this developmental restriction related to the formation of the blastocyst (i.e., cavitation)?

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, California, USA

    Lynn M. Wiley

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  1. Lynn M. Wiley
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  1. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

    Jonathan Van Blerkom Ph.D.

  2. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome, Viale R. Elena 289, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Pietro M. Motta M.D., Ph. D.

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© 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, The Hague, Dordrecht, Lancaster

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Wiley, L.M. (1984). The cell surface of the mammalian embryo during early development. In: Van Blerkom, J., Motta, P.M. (eds) Ultrastructure of Reproduction. Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3867-3_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3867-3_16

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