Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a disease which has excited the interest of immunologists for many years. Some of this interest is based on clinical observations, such as spontaneous regression, or the results of clinical trials, such as immunocompetence testing or response to immunotherapy. On the other hand, some interest seems to be mainly dependent on the coincidental fact that melanoma cells grow well in tissue culture and are therefore frequently available for in vitro studies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nathanson L: Spontaneous regression of malignant melanoma: A review of the literature on incidence, clinical features, and possible mechanisms. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 44: 67–76, 1976.
Everson TC: Spontaneous regression of cancer. Ann NY Acad Sci 114: 721–735, 1964.
Epstein WL, Sagebeil R, Spitler L, et al: Halo nevi and melanoma. JAMA 225: 373–377, 1973.
Smith JL Jr, Stehlin JS Jr: Spontaneous regression of primary malignant melanomas with regional metastases. Cancer 18: 1399–1415, 1965.
Fowler GL: Enhancement of natural resistance to malignant melanoma with pecial reference to the beneficial effects of concurrent infections and bacterial toxin therapy. Monograph #9, New York, Cancer Research Inst, 1969.
Ikonopisov RL, Oreshkov VI: Possible immunological significance of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly as recorded by hepatic gamma scanning in patients with malignant melanoma. Tumori 60: 99–104, 1974.
Eilber FR, Morton DL: Impaired immunologic reactivity and recurrence following cancer surgery. Cancer 25: 362–367, 1970.
Pinsky CM, Oettgen HF, el Domeiri A, et al: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in patients with cancer. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 13: 100, 1971 (abstract).
Eilber FR, Nizze JA, Morton DL: Sequential evaluation of general immune competence in cancer patients: Correlation with clinical course. Cancer 35: 660–665, 1975.
Camacho ES, Pinsky CM, Braun DW, et al: DNCB reactivity and prognosis in 419 patients with malignant melanoma. Cancer 47: 2446–2450, 1981.
Golub SH, O’Connell TX, Morton DL: Correlation of in vivoand in vitroassays of immunocompetence in cancer patients. Cancer Res 34: 1833–1837, 1974.
Lee YN, Sparks FC, Eilber FR, Morton DL: Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and peripheral lymphocyte counts in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 35: 748–755, 1975.
Tilden AB, Balch CM: Indomethacin enhancement of immunocompetence in melanoma patients. Surgery 90: 77–84, 1981.
de Gast GC, The TH, Koops HS, et al: Humoral and Cell-mediated immune response in patients with malignant melanoma: I. In vitrolymphocyte reactivity to PHA and antigens following immunization. Cancer 36: 1289–1297, 1975.
Gersten MJ, Hadden EM, Kaplan MH, et al: Immunologic defects in melanoma patients: Lack of effect of BCG therapy. Clin Bull 7: 63–69, 1977.
Karavodin LM, Giuliano AE, Golub SH: T lymphocyte subsets in patients with malignant melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 11: 251–254, 1981.
Glasgow AH, Nimberg RB, Menzoian JO, et al: Associations of anergy with an immunosuppressive peptide fraction in the serum of patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 291:1263– 1267, 1974.
Currie GA, Hedley DW: Monocytes and macrophages in malignant melanoma: I. Peripheral blood macrophage precursors. Br J Cancer 36: 1–6, 1977.
Finelt M, Hoffmann MK: A human monocyte function test: Release of B-cell diferentiation factor (BDF). Clin Immunol Immunopath 12: 281–288, 1979.
Snyderman R, Seigler HF, Meadows L: Abnormalities of monocyte chemotaxis in patients with melanoma: Effects of immunotherapy in tumor removal. JNCI 58: 37–41, 1977.
Thatcher N, Hashmi K, Chang J, et al: Anti-T antibody in malignant melanoma patients: Influence of response and survival following chemotherapy - changes in serum levels following C. parvum, BCG immunization. Cancer 46: 1378–1382, 1980.
Kaplan MH, Armstrong D, Pinsky C: Antibody responses to mycobacterial antigens in patients immunized with BCG for the treatment of neoplastic disease. Cancer 46:2195– 2202, 1980.
Lewis MG, Lond MB: Possible immunological factors in human malignant melanoma in Uganda. Lancet ii: 921–922, 1967.
Morton DL, Malmgren RA, Holmes EC, Ketcham AS: Demonstration of antibodies against human malignant melanoma by immunofluorescence. Surgery 64: 233–240, 1968.
Oettgen HF, Aoki T, Old LJ, et al: Suspension culture of a pigment-producing cell line derived from a human malignant melanoma. J Nat Cancer Inst 41: 827–843, 1968.
Hertz KC, Kirkpatrick CH, Katz SI: Autoimmune vitiligo: Detection of antibodies to melanin-producing cells. N Engl J Med 297: 634–637, 1977.
Roenigk HH, Deodar SD, Krebs JA, Barna B: Microcytotoxicity and serum blocking factors in malignant melanoma and halo nevus. Arch Dermatol 111: 720–725, 1975.
Murray E, Ruygrok S, Milton W, Hersey P: Analysis of serum blocking factors against leukocyte-dependent antibody in melanoma patients. Int J Cancer 21: 578–587, 1978.
Minden P, Jarrett C, McClatchy JK, et al: Antibodies to melanoma cell and BCG antigens in sera from tumour–free individuals and from melanoma patients. Nature 263: 774–777, 1976.
Ferrone S, Pellegrino MA: Cytotoxic antibodies to cultured melanoma cells in sera of melanoma patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 58: 20–23, 1977.
Kilpatrick RJ, Seigler HF: Specific cytotoxic antibody in the sera of patients with melanoma. J Surg Res 21: 301–305, 1976.
Livingston PO, Michitsch R, Shiku H, et al: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity for cultured autologous melanoma cells. Cell Immunol 64: 131–143, 1981.
Kodera Y, Bean MA: Antibody–dependent cell–mediated cytotoxicity for human monolayer target cells bearing blood group and transplantation antigens and for melanoma cells. Int J Cancer 16: 579–592, 1975.
Hersey P, Edwards A, Adams E, et al: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against melanoma cells induced by plasmapheresis. Lancet i: 825–827, 1976.
Peter HH, Kalden JR, Seeland P, et al: Humoral and cellular immune reactions ‘in vitro’ against allogeneic and autologous human melanoma cells. Clin Exp Immunol 20: 193–207, 1975.
Jones PC, Sze LL, Liu PY, et al: Prolonged survival of melanoma patients with elevated IgM antibody to oncofetal antigen. JNCI 66: 249–254, 1981.
Teshima H, Wanebo H, Pinsky C, et al: Circulating immune complexes detected by 125I–Clq deviation test in sera of cancer patients. J Clin Invest 59: 1134–1142, 1977.
Gupta RK, Theofilopoulos AN, Dixon FJ, Morton DL: Circulating immune complexes as possible cause for anticomplementary activity in humans with malignant melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 6: 211–221, 1979.
Kristensen E, Brandslund I, Nielsen H, Svehag SE: Prognostic value of assays for circulating immune complexes and natural cytotoxicity in malignant skin melanoma (stages I and II). Cancer Immunol Immunother 9: 31–36, 1980.
Morgan AC, Rossen RD, McCormick, Stehlin JS Jr, Giovanella BC: ‘Hidden’ cytotoxic antibodies that react with allogeneic cultured fetal and tumor cells contained in soluble immune complexes from normal human sera. Cancer Res 42: 881–887, 1982.
Bluming AZ, Vogel CL, Ziegler JL, et al: Delayed cutaneous sensitivity reactions to extracts of autologous malignant melanoma: A second look. J Natl Cancer Inst 48: 17–24, 1972.
Holmes EC, Roth JA, Morton DL: Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to melanoma antigen. Surgery 78: 160–164, 1975.
Mukheiji B, Rothman L, Ucci A, et al: Delayed–type cutaneous hypersensitivity to melanoma antigens and its implication in active specific immunotherapy in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 8: 149–155, 1980.
Gorodilova VV, Hollinshead A: Melanoma antigens that produce cell–mediated immune responses in melanoma patients: Joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. study. Science 190: 391–392, 1975.
Jehn UW, Nathanson L, Schwartz RS, Skinner M: In vitrolymphocyte stimulation by a soluble antigen from malignant melanoma. N Engl J Med 283: 329–333, 1970.
Nagel GA, St.-Arneault G, Holland JF, et al: Cell–mediated immunity against malignant melanoma in monozygous twins. Cancer Res 30: 1828–1832, 1970.
Guerry D, IV, Alexander MA, Fuhrer JP, et al: HLA-DR-dependent autologous T-cell proliferation induced by cultured primary melanoma. In: Pigment cell 1981, Seiji M (ed). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1981.
Cochran AJ, Spilg WGS, Mackie RM, Thomas CE: Postoperative depression of tumor– directed cell–mediated immunity in patients with malignant disease. Br Med J 4: 67–70, 1972.
Currie GA, Basham C: Serum mediated inhibition of the immunological reactions of the patient to his own tumour: A possible role for circulating antigen. Br J Cancer 26: 427–438, 1972.
Hellstrom I, Hellstrom KE: Some recent studies on cellular immunity to human melanomas. Fed Proc 32: 156–159, 1973.
Unsgaard B, O’Toole C: The influence of tumor burden and therapy on cellular cytotoxicity responses in patients with ocular and skin melanoma. Br J Cancer 31: 301–316, 1975.
Mukheiji B, Vassos D, Flowers A, et al: Variables and specificity of in vitrolymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in human melanoma. Cancer Res 35: 3721–3730, 1975.
Livingston PO, Shiku H, Bean MA, et al: Cell-mediated cytotoxicity for cultured autologous melanoma cells. Int J Cancer 24: 34–44, 1979.
Mukheiji B, Flowers A, Rothman L, Nathanson L: Spontaneous in vitrocytotoxicity against autochthonous human melanoma cells. J Immunol 124: 412–417, 1980.
Metzgar RS, Bergoc PM, Moreno MA, Seigler HF: Brief Communication: Melanoma-specific antibodies produced in monkeys by immunization with human melanoma cell lines. JNCI 50: 1065–1068, 1973.
Bruggen J, Macher E, Sorg C: Expression of surface antigens and its relation to parameters of malignancy in human malignant melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 10: 121–127, 1981.
Carrel S, Theilkaes L: Evidence for a tumor–associated antigen in human malignant melanoma. Nature 242: 609–610, 1973.
Gupta RK, Silver HKB, Morton DL: Production and characterization of xenogeneic anti-sera to tumor–associated antigen(s). J Surg Oncol 13: 75–89, 1980.
Ferrone S, Imai K, McGabe RP, et al: Production, characterization, and use of xenoantisera to human melanoma-associated antigens. In: Serologic analysis of human cancer antigens. New York: Academic Press, Inc, 1980, pp 445–459.
Nathanson L, Jehn U, Schwartz RS: Disappearance of a tumor-associated antigen in malignant melanoma after imidazole carboxamide therapy. Cancer 27: 411–415, 1971.
Irie RF, Irie K, Morton DL: A membrane antigen common to human cancer and fetal brain tissues. Cancer Res 36: 3510–3517, 1976.
Hersey P, Honeyman M, Adams EE, McCarthy WH: Antigens on melanoma cells detected by leukocyte dependent antibody assays of human melanoma antisera. Int J Cancer 18: 564–573, 1976.
Carey TE, Takahashi T, Resnick LA, et al: Cell Surface antigens of human malignant melanoma: Mixed hemadsorption assays for humoral immunity to cultured autologous melanoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 73: 3278–3282, 1976.
Old LJ: Cancer immunology: The search for specificity - G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Lecture. Cancer Res 41: 361–375, 1981.
Albino AP, Lloyd KO, Houghton AN, et al: Heterogeneity in surface antigens and glycoprotein expression of cell lines derived from different melanoma metastases of the same patient: Implications for the study of tumor antigens. J Exp Med 154: 1764–1778, 1981.
Houghton AN, Taormina MC, Ikeda H,et al: Serological survey of normal humans for natural antibody to cell surface antigens of melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci 77: 4260–4264, 1980.
Watanabe T, Pukel CS, Takeyama H, et al: Human melanoma antigen AH is an autoantigenic ganglioside related to GD2. J Exp Med 156: 1884–1889, 1982.
Grimm EA, Silver HKB, Roth JA, et al: Detection of tumor–associated antigen in human melanoma cell line supernatants. Int J Cancer 17: 559–564, 1976.
Gupta RK, Irie RF, Chee DO, et al: Demonstration of two distinct antigens in spent tissue culture medium of a human malignant melanoma cell line. J Natl Cancer Inst 63: 347–356, 1979.
Hersey P, Murray E, McCarthy WH: Evaluation of antibody inhibition assays of melanoma antigens in sera to monitor tumor growth in melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 10: 67–74, 1981.
Kohler G, Milstein C: Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256: 495–497, 1975.
Koprowski H, Steplewski Z, Herlyn D, Herlyn M: Study of antibodies against human melanoma produced by somatic cell hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci 75: 3405–3409, 1978.
Yeh MY, Hellstrom I, Brown JP, et al: Cell Surface antigens of human melanoma identified by monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci 76: 2927–2931, 1979.
Dippold WG, Lloyd KO, Li LTC, et al: Cell surface antigens of human malignant melanoma: Definition of six antigenic systems with mouse monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci 77: 6114–6118, 1980.
Imai K, Molinaro GA, Ferrone S: Monoclonal antibodies to human melanoma-associated antigens. Transplant Proc 12: 380–383, 1980.
Morgan AC, Galloway DR, Reisfeld RA: Production and characterization of monoclonal antibody to a melanoma specific glycoprotein. Hybridoma 1: 27–36, 1981.
Irie RF, Sze LL, Saxton RE: Human antibody to OFA–I, a tumor antigen, produced in vitroby Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B-lymphoid cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci 79: 5666–5670, 1982.
Houghton AN, Brooks H, Cote RJ, et al: Detection of cell surface and intracellular antigens by human monoclonal antibodies: Hybrid cell lines derived from lymphocytes of patients with malignant melanoma. J Exp Med 158: 53–65, 1983.
Wilson BS, Indiveri F, Molinaro GA, et al: Characterization of DR antigens on cultured melanoma cells by using monoclonal antibodies. Transplant Proc 12: 125–129, 1980.
Brown JP, Hewick RM, Hellstrom I, et al: Human melanoma-associated antigen p97 is structurally and functionally related to transferrin. Nature 296: 171–173, 1982.
Houghton AN, Eisinger M, Albino AP, et al: Surface antigens of melanocytes and melanomas: Markers of melanocyte differentiation and melanoma subsets. J Exp Med 156: 1755–1766, 1982.
Pukel CS, Lloyd KO, Travassos LR, et al: GD3, a prominent ganglioside of human melanoma: Detection and characterization by mouse monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 155: 1133–1147, 1982.
Cahan LD, Irie RF, Singh R, et al: Identification of a human neuroectodermal tumor antigen (OFA–I–2) as ganglioside GD2. Proc Natl Acad Sci 79: 7629–7633, 1982.
Tai T. Paulson JC, Cahan LD, Irie RF: GM2 ganglioside as human tumor antigen (OFA- 1-1). Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 24: 226, 1983.
Ladisch S, Gillard B, Wong C, Ulsh L: Shedding and immunoregulatory activity of YAC-1 lymphoma cell gangliosides. Cancer Res 43: 3808–3813, 1983.
Bumol TF, Wang QC, Reisfeld RA, Kaplan NO: Monoclonal antibody and an antibody-toxin conjugate to a cell surface proteoglycan of melanoma cells suppress in vivotumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci 80: 529–533, 1983.
Dippold W, Knuth A, zum Buschenfelde KHM: Cytostatic effect of monoclonal anti-GD3- ganglioside antibody on the growth of human melanoma cells in vitro. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 24: 210, 1983.
Hellstrom I, Brown JP, Hellstrom KE: Monoclonal antibodies to two determinants of melanoma-antigen p97 act synergistically in complement-dependent cytotoxicity. J Immunol 127: 157–160, 1981.
Hellstom I, Hellstom KE, Yeh MY: Lymphocyte-dependent antibodies to antigen 3.1, a cell-surface antigen expressed by a subgroup of human melanomas. Int J Cancer 27:281– 285, 1981.
Schulz G, Bumol TF, Reisfeld RA: Monoclonal antibody directed effector cells selectively lyse human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci (In Press).
Wilson BS, Imai K, Natali PG, Ferrone S: Distribution and molecular characterization of a cell-surface and a cytoplasmic antigen detectable in human melanoma cells with monoclonal antibodies. Int J Cancer 28: 293–300, 1981.
Garrigues HJ, Tilgen W, Hellstom I, et al: Detection of a human melanoma-associated antigen, p97, in histological sections of primary human melanomas. Int J Cancer 29:511– 515, 1982.
Real F, Houghton A, Urmacher C, et al: Monoclonal antibodies detecting melanoma antigens in tissue sections. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 23: 255, 1982.
Larson SM, Brown JP, Wright PW, et al: Imaging of melanoma with 1–131–labeled monoclonal antibodies. J Nucl Med 24: 123–129, 1983.
Morton DL, Eilber FR, Malmgren RA, Wood WC: Immunological factors which influence response to immunotherapy in malignant melanoma. Surgery 68: 158–164, 1970.
Nathanson L: Regression of intradermal malignant melanoma after intralesional injection of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG. Cancer Chemother Rep 56: 659–665, 1972.
Pinsky CM, Hirshaut Y, Oettgen HF: Treatment of malignant melanoma by intratumoral injection of BCG. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 39: 225–228, 1973.
Israel L, Depierre A, Edelstein R, et al: Effect of intranodular BCG in 22 melanoma patients. Pan Med 17: 187–188, 1975.
Mastrangelo MJ, Sulit HL, Prehn LM, et al: Intralesional BCG in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer 37: 684–692, 1976.
Mastrangelo MJ, Bellet RF, Berkelhammer J, Clark WH: Regression of pulmonary metastatic disease associated with intralesional BCG therapy of intracutaneous melanoma metastases. Cancer 36: 1305–1308, 1975.
McKhann CF, Hendrickson CG, Spitler LE, et al: Immunotherapy of melanoma with BCG: Two fatalities following intralesional injection. Cancer 35: 514–520, 1975.
Sparks FC, Silverstein MJ, Hunt JS, et al: Complications of BCG immunotherapy in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 289: 827–830, 1973.
Rosenberg EB, Kanner SP, Schwartzman RJ, Colsky J: Systemic infection following BCG therapy. Arch Intern Med 134: 769–770, 1964.
Serrou B, Michel H, DuBois JB, Serre A: Granulomatous hepatitis caused by BCG injection during immunotherapy of a malignant melanoma. Biomedicine 23: 236–240, 1975.
Malek-Mansour S: Remission of melanoma with D.B.C.B. treatment. Lancet: 503–504, 1973.
Yamamura Y, Yoshizaki K, Azuma I, et al: Immunotherapy of human malignant melanoma with oil-attached BCG cell-wall skeleton. Gann 66: 355–363, 1975.
Richman SP, Mavligit GM, Wolk R, et al: Epilesional scarification: Preliminary report of a new approach to local immunotherapy with BCG. JAMA 234: 1233–1235, 1975.
Cohen MH, Jessup JM, Felix EL, et al: Intralesional treatment of recurrent metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma: A randomized prospective study of intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus intralesional dinitrochlorobenzene. Cancer 41: 2456–2463, 1978.
Krown SE, Hilal EY, Pinsky CM, et al: Intralesional injection of the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) into cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma. Cancer 42: 2648–2660, 1978.
Ishihara K, Hayasaka K: Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. Gann 21: 231–235, 1978.
Kerr D, Krown SE, Livingston PO, et al: Treatment of melanoma skin metastases with intralesional DNCB. Proc Amer Soc Clin Oncol 22: 528, 1981.
Cunningham-Rundles WF, Hirshaut Y, Pinsky CM, Oettgen HF: Phase I trial of intralesional Corynebacterium parvum. Clin Res 23: 337A, 1975.
Storm FK, Sparks FC, Morton DL: Treatment for melanoma of the lower extremity with intralesional injection of Bacille Calmette Guerin and hyperthermic perfusion. Surg gynecol Obstet 149: 17–21, 1979.
Lieberman R, Epstein W, Fudenberg HH: Immunopathological changes in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma following intratumoral inoculation of BCG: Correlation with cell-mediated immunity. Int J Cancer 14: 401–416, 1974.
Khalil A, Rappaport H, Misset JL: Kinetics of histologic changes in human melanoma after local Immunotherapy with BCG. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1: 193–196, 1976.
Hunter–Craig I, Newton KA, Westbury G, Lacey BW: Use of vaccinia virus in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. Br Med J 2: 512–515, 1970.
Everall JD, Ward J, O’Doherty CJ, Dowd PM: Treatment of primary melanoma by intralesional vaccinia before excision. Lancet ii: 583–586, 1975.
Rosenberg SA, Rapp H, Terry W, et al: Intralesional BCG therapy of patients with primary Stage I melanoma. In: Immunotherapy of human cancer, Terry WD, Rosenberg SA (eds). Amsterdam: Elsevier North Holland, Inc., 1982, pp 239–244.
Silberman AW, Morton DL: Adjuvant therapy following surgery of primary malignant melanoma. In: Malignant melanoma 1, Costanzi JJ (ed). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1983, pp 207–223.
Pinsky CM, Oettgen HF: Surgical adjuvant therapy for malignant melanoma. Surg Clin North Am 61: 1259–1265, 1981.
MacGregor AB, Falk RE, Landi S, Ambus U, Langer B: Oral Bacille Calmette Guerin immunostimulation in malignant melanoma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 141: 747–754, 1975.
Camacho F, Pinsky C, Krown S, et al: Oral administration of BCG in 26 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res 20: 116, 1979.
Varella AD, Bandiera DC, DeAmorin AR, et al: Treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma with high–dose oral BCG. Cancer 48: 1353–1362, 1981.
Price FB, Hewlet JS, Deodar SD, Barna B: The therapy of malignant melanoma with transfer factor: A preliminary report. Cleve Clin Q 41: 1–4, 1974.
Toivanen A, Lassila O, Nordman E: Lack of effect of Levamisole on the immune function in melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 10: 191–195, 1981.
Thatcher N, Swindell R, Crowther D: Effects of Corynebacterium parvum and BCG therapy on immune parameters in patients with disseminated melanoma: A sequential study over 28 days. I. Changes in blood counts, serum immunoglobulins and lymphoid cell populations. Clin Exp Immunol 35: 36–44, 1979.
Thatcher N, Swindell R, Crowther D: Effects of Corynebacterium parvum and BCG therapy on immune parameters in patients with disseminated melanoma: A sequential study over 28 days. II. Changes in non-specific (NK, K and T cell) lymphocytoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions. Clin Exp Immunol 35: 171–179, 1979.
Krown SE, Burk M, Kirkwood JM, et al: The American Cancer Society clinical trial of human leukocyte interferon in malignant melanoma: Preliminary results. In: The biology of the interferon system, DeMaeyer E, Galasso G, Schellekens H (eds). New York, Amsterdam, Oxford: Elsevier North Holland Biomedical Press, 1981, pp 397–400.
Priestman T, Retsas S, Newton K, Westbury G: A Phase II evaluation of Wellcome HuIFN in advanced malignant melanoma. In: The biology of the interferon system, DeMaeyer E, Galasso G, Schellekens H (eds). New York, Amsterdam, Oxford: Elsevier North Holland Biomedical Press, 1981, pp 421–424.
Gutterman JU, Mavligit G, Gottlieb JA, et al: Chemoimmunotherapy of disseminated malignant melanoma with Dimethyl Triazeno Imidazole Carboxamide and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. N Engl J Med 291: 592–597, 1974.
Oguro M, Takagi T, Majima H, Ishiguro K: Immunochemotherapy of malignant melanoma with BCG cell-wall skeleton. Gann Monogr Cancer Res 21: 225–230, 1978.
Patt YZ, Hersh EM, Schafer LA, et al: The need for immune evaluation prior to thymosincontaining chemoimmunotheapy for melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 7: 131–136, 1979.
Ikonopisov, RL, Lewis MG, Hunter–Craig ID, et al: Autoimmunization with irradiated tumour cells in human malignant melanoma. Br Med J 2: 752–754, 1970.
Currie GA, LeJuene F, Hamilton-Fairley G: Immunization with irradiated tumour cells and specific lymphocyte cytotoxicity in malignant melanoma. Br Med J 2: 305–310, 1971.
Currie GA: Effect of active immunization with irradiated tumour cells on specific serum inhibitors of cell-mediated immunity in patients with disseminated cancer. Br J Cancer 28: 25–35, 1973.
Seigler HF, Shingleton WW, Metzgar RS, et al: Non-specific and specific immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Surgery 72: 162–174, 1971.
Livingston PO, Oettgen HF, Old LJ: Specific active immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In: Immunological aspects of cancer therapeutics, Mihich E (ed). New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1982, pp 363–404.
Livingston PO, Watanabe T, Shiku H, et al: Serological response of melanoma patients receiving melanoma cell vaccines: I. Autologous cultured melanoma cells. Int J Cancer 30: 413–422, 1982.
Livingston PO, Takeyama H, Pollack MS, et al: Serological responses of melanoma patients to vaccines derived from allogeneic cultured melanoma cells. Int J Cancer 31:567– 575, 1983.
Irie RF, Giuliano AE, Morton DL: Oncofetal antigen: A tumor-associated fetal antigen immunogenic in man. J Natl Cancer Inst 63: 367–373, 1979.
Currie GA, McElwain TJ: Active immunotherapy as an adjunct to chemotherapy in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma: A pilot study. Br J Cancer 31: 143–146, 1975.
Newlands ES, Oon CJ, Roberts JT, et al: Clinical trial of combination chemotherapy and specific active immunotherapy in disseminated melanoma. Br J Cancer 34: 174–179, 1976.
Berkelhammer J, Mastrangelo MJ, Bellet RE, et al: Chemoimmunotherapy increases the lymphocyte reactivity of melanoma patients. Europ J Cancer 45: 197–204, 1978.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pinsky, C.M. (1984). The Immunology and Immunotherapy of Human Malignant Melanoma. In: Costanzi, J.J. (eds) Clinical Management of Malignant Melanoma. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 21. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3813-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3813-0_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3815-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3813-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive