Abstract
The Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA), recently proposed by the EPA, is a method for deriving ozone-percursor relationships that can be used to design a control strategy for urban ozone reduction. The technique is based on an isopleth diagram generated by computer simulations of the chemical reactions occuring among pollutants in a well-mixed box subjected to dilution, time varying light intensity, diurnal dependence of the emissions, and background concentration levels. The performance of EKMA is discussed in an application to the Cologne area of the FRG. The lateral and vertical spatial distribution of the precursor emissions in this area strongly violates the assumption of homogeneous mixing underlying EKMA. Therefore, the applicability of EKMA for developing control strategies in the Cologne area is limited.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R. Guicherit and H. van Dop, Photochemical Production of Ozone in Western Europe (1971–1975) and Its Relationship to Meteorology Atmos. Environm. 11 (1977)
K. H. Becker,U. Schurath, H. W. Georgii and M. Deimel, Untersuchungen über Smogbildungen insbesondere über die Ausbildung von Oxidantien als Folge der Luftverunreinigungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland,Forschungsbericht 79/104 02 502/03/04 Umweltbundesamt, August 1979
S. Reynolds, P. Roth and J. Seinfeld, Mathematic Modeling of Photochemical Air Pollution, Atmos. Environm. 7 (1973)
M. McCracken, D. Wuebbles, Je Walton, W. Duewer, K. Grant, The Livermore Regional Air Quality Model: Concept and Development, J. of Appl. Met. Vol 17 (1978)
Federal Register 36, 84, Part II, 8186–8201,April 30, 1971
R. Guicherit, P. J. Blokzijl and C. J. Plasse, Some Notes on the Abatement of Photochemical Ozone Production, in: Photochemical Smog Formation in the Netherlands, TNO 1978
B. Dimitriades, Oxidant Control Strategies: Urban Oxidant Control Strategies Derived from Existing Chamber Data, Env. Sci. And Techn. 11, 1 (1977)
P. Bruckmann, M. Buck and P. Eynck, Modelluntersuchungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen Vorläufer und Photooxidantienkonzentrationen, Staub, Sept. 1980
EPA, Uses, Limitations and Technical Basis of Procedures for Quantifying Relationships between Photochemical Oxidants and Precursors, EPA-450/2-77-21 a, Nov. 1977
G. Z. Whitten and H. Hugo, User’s Manual for a Kinetic Model and Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package, EPA-600/8-78-014 a, July 1978
M. C. Dodge, Combined Use of Modeling Techniques and Smog Chamber Data to Derive Ozone-Precursor Relationships, International Conference on Photochemical Oxidant Pollution and Its Control, Vol. II EPA 600/3-77-001 b, Jan. 1977
LuftreinhalteplanRheinschiene Süd, Minister für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales des Landes NRW, 1976
F. J. Dreyhaupt, Vergleich der Emissionssituation in verschiedenen Ballungsgebieten, in: Abgasimmissionsbelastungen durch den KFZ-Verkehr, TüV Rheinland 1978
P. Bruckmann, and P. Eynck, Messungen von Photooxidantien im Rhein-Ruhr-Gebiet, in: Photochemische Luftverunreinigungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, VDI Düsseldorf 1980
B. Scherer and R. Stern, Untersuchung einer Photochemischen Smogepisode im Raum Köln-Bonn, Institut für Geophysikalische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, 1980.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stern, R., Scherer, B. (1981). An Application of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) to the Cologne Area. In: De Wispelaere, C. (eds) Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application I. NATO · Challenges of Modern Society, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3344-9_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3344-9_43
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3346-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3344-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive