Skip to main content

Biofeedback and Physiological Patterning in Human Emotion and Consciousness

  • Chapter
Mind/Body Integration

Abstract

Although we do not usually think about it. we are continually self-regulating complex patterns of neurophysiological processes in our dynamic commerce with the external environment (Schwartz, 1975). Until very recently this fact was virtually ignored by scientists and laymen alike. A major reason for the failure to recognize and appreciate the self-regulation of patterns of brain processes is that the very brain processes involved in patterned neural self-regulation are normally unobservable and not available to direct conscious experience (Schwartz, 1977a). The development of biofeedback procedures for patterns of electrocortical activity serves the important function of bringing these unconscious neural processes, albeit indirectly, into human awareness. Furthermore, pattern biofeedback procedures make it possible for researchers to now manipulate patterns of brain processes differentially as a method for exploring their functional relationship to human experience and behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Banquet, J. P. Spectral analysis of EEG in meditation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 1973. 35. 143–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, I. R.. & Schwartz, G. E. Voluntary control and reactivity of human heart rate. Psychophysiology. 1975, 12. 339–348.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, H. The relaxation response. New York: William Morrow, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, R. J., & Schwartz, G. E. The psychobiology of relaxation and related states: A multiprocess theory. In D. I. Mostofsky (Ed.), Behavior modification and control of physiological activity. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P., & Friesen. W. V. Unmasking the face. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, R. B. Synergetics. New York: Macmillan, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardt, J. V.. & Kamiya, J. Conflicting results in EEG alpha feedback studies: Why amplitude integration should replace percent time. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation. 1976, 1. 63–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hassett. J., & Schwartz. G. E. Relationships between heart rate and occipital alpha: A biofeedback approach. Psychophysiology. 1975, 12, 228. (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hebb. D. O. What psychology is about. American Psychologist. 1974, 29. 71–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izard, C. The face of emotion. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izard. C. Patterns of emotions. New York: Academic Press, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • James. W. Principles of psychology. New York: Holt, 1890.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • John, E. R. A model of consciousness. In G E. Schwartz & D. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self-regulation: Advances in research (Vol. I ). New York: Plenum, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A. R. The working brain. New York: Basic Books. 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pribram, K. H. Languages of the brain. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, S., & Singer. J. E. Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review. 1962. 69. 379–399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G, E. Voluntary control of human cardiovascular integration and differentiation through feedback and reward. Science. 1972. 175. 90–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz. G. E. Toward a theory of voluntary control of response pattern in the cardiovascular system. In P. A. Obrist, A. H. Black. J. Brener. & L. V. DiCara (Eds.), Cardiovascular psychophysiology. Chicago: Aldine. 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G. E. Biofeedback, self-regulation and the patterning of physiological processes. American Scientist. 1975. 63. 314–324.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G. E. Self-regulation of response patterning: Implications for psychophysiological research and therapy. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1976, 1. 7–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G. E. Psychosomatic disorders and biofeedback: A psychobiological model of deregulation. In J. D. Maser & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Psychopathoiogy: Experimental models. San Francisco: Freeman, 1977. (a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz. G. E. Biofeedback and patterning of autonomic and central processes: CNS-cardiovascular interactions. In G. E. Schwartz J. Bcatty (Eds.). Biofeedback: Theory and research. New York: Academic Press. 1977. (b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz. G. E., Davidson. R. J., & Maer. F. Right hemisphere lateralization for emotion in the human brain: Interaction with cognition. Science. 1975. 190. 286–288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz. G. E.. Davidson. R. J., & Pugash, E. Voluntary control of patterns of F.F.G parietal asymmetry: Cognitive concomitants. Psychophysiology, 1976, 13. 498–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz. G. E Davidson. R. J.. Weinberger, D. A.. & Lenson, R. Voluntary control of patterns of facial muscle activity and heart rate: Effects on anxiety. In preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G. E Fair. P. L.. Salt. P., Mandel, M. R.. & Klerman. G. L. Facial muscle patterning to affective imagery in depressed and nondeprcssed subjects. Science. 1976. 192. 489–491.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz. G. F.., Fair. P. L.. Salt. P.. Mandel. M. R & Klerman. G. L. Facial expression and imagery in depression: An electromyographic study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1976. 38. 337–347.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G. E., Young. L. D. & Vogler. J. Heart rate regulation as skill learning Strength endurance versus cardiac reaction lime. Psychophysiology, 1976. 13. 472–478.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro. D.. Tursky. B.. Gershon, E.. & Stern. M. Effects of feedback and reinforcement on the control of human systolic blood pressure. Science. 1969. 163, 588–589.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, D.. Tursky. B.. & Schwartz. G. E. Control of blood pressure in man by operant conditioning. Circulation Research, 1970. 27(Suppl. 1). 27–32. (a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, D Tursky. B.. & Schwartz. G. E. Differentiation of heart rate and blood pressure in man by operant conditioning. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1970. 32. 417–423. (b)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sperry. R W. A modified concept of consciousness. Psychological Review, 1969. 76. 532–536.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomkins. S. S. Affect, imagery, consciousness (2 vols.). New York: Springer. 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss. P. A. The living system: Determinism stratified. In A. Koestler & J. R. Smythies (Eds.). Beyond reductionism. Boston: Beacon Press. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schwartz, G.E. (1979). Biofeedback and Physiological Patterning in Human Emotion and Consciousness. In: Peper, E., Ancoli, S., Quinn, M. (eds) Mind/Body Integration. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2898-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2898-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-2900-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2898-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics