Skip to main content

Privacy Regulation in Public Bathrooms: Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviour

  • Chapter
Design for Communality and Privacy

Abstract

There are two ways to study man-environment relations. One is to bring the environment into the laboratory and the other is to bring the laboratory out into the environment. On the principle that it is easier to bring Mohammed to the mountain than it is the mountain to Mohammed, the later alternative was taken and the studies reported here were conducted within a series of public mens rooms located in a large university building. The building also houses classrooms, offices and other laboratories. This seemingly unlikely site was selected because the studies deal with the behavioural regulation of privacy and it seemed that, at least in North America, this location guaranteed privacy needs of an intense nature (though just why this should be so is somewhat of a mystery).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Argyle, M. Social interaction. New York: Atherton, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Argyle, M. and Dean, J. Eye-contact, distance, and affiliation. Sociometry, 1965, 25: 289–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Calhoun, J. B. Space and the strategy of life. In A. H. Esser (Ed.) Behavior and environment. New York: Plenum, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chance, M. R. A. An interpretation of some agonistic postures: The role of “cut-off” acts and postures. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 1962, 5: 71–89.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cheyne, J. A. and Efran, M. G. The effect of spatial and interpersonal variables on the invasion of group controlled territories. Sociometry, 1972, 35: 477–489.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dabbs, J. Sex, setting and reaction to crowding on sidewalks. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 1972, 205–206.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Efran, M. G. and Cheyne, J. A. Shared space: The cooperative control of spatial areas by two interacting individuals. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 1973, 5: 201–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ellsworth, P. C., Carlsmith, J. M., and Henson, A. The stare as a stimulus to flight in human subjects: A series of field experiments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, 21: 302–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Exline, R. V. Visual interaction: The glances of power and preference. In J. K. Cole (Ed.) The Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1971, 19: 163–206.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Grant, E. C. Non-verbal communication in the mentally ill. In R. A. Hinde (Ed.) Non-verbal communication, Cambridge: University Press, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kira, A. The bathroom: Criteria for design. Ithaca, N. Y.: Center for Environmental Studies, Cornell University, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Knowles, E. S. Boundaries around group interaction: The effect of group size and member status on boundary permeability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 26: 327–331.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nichols, K. A. & Champness, B. G. Eye gaze and the GSR. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1971, 7: 623–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Patterson, M. L., Mullens, S. and Romano, J. Compensatory reactions to spatial intrusions. Sociometry, 1971, 34: 114–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Sommer, R. The ecology of privacy. Library Quarterly, 1966, 36: 234–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tibbetts, P. and Esser, A. H. Transactional structures in man-environment relations. Man-Environment Systems, 1973, 3: 441–468.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Efran, M.G., Baran, C.S. (1978). Privacy Regulation in Public Bathrooms: Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviour. In: Esser, A.H., Greenbie, B.B. (eds) Design for Communality and Privacy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2853-7_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2853-7_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-2855-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2853-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics