Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Contribution of Cytochemistry in Leukemia

  • Chapter
Human Leukemias

Part of the book series: Developments in Oncology Series ((DION,volume 14))

Abstract

The recognition of subgroups of leukemias by morphologic and cytochemical criteria has greatly contributed over the past decades in the differential diagnosis, classification, and prognosis of the leukemic proliferations [1–13]. In 1964 Hayhoe and his associates [1] in a combined morphologic and cytochemical study of acute leukemias were able to determine four different types of leukemias: acute myeloblastic, acute myelomonocytic, acute lymphoblastic and erythremic myelosis. A few years later Schmalzl and Braunsteiner [14] and Daniel et al. [15] separated the acute monocytic leukemias from the other acute leukemias using the sodium fluoride sensitive naphthol AS-D acetate esterase reaction (NASDA + NaF).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hay hoe FGJ, Quaglino D, Doll R. The cytology and cytochemistry of acutc leukemias. MRC Special Report Series, no 304. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Schmalzl F, Braunsteiner H. The application of cytochcmical methods to the study of acute leukemia. Acta Haematol 45: 209–217, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hayhoe FGJ, Cawley JC. Acute leukaemia: Cellular morphology, cytochemistry and fine structure. Clin Haematol 1: 49–94, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Flandrin G, Daniel MT. Practical value of cytochcmical studies for the classification of acute leukemias. Rec Results Cancer Res 43: 43–56, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Löffler H. Biochemical properties of leukemic blast cells revealed by cytochemical methods: Their relation to prognosis. Adv Biosci 14: 163–17 3, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Löffler H. Indications and limits of cytochemistry in acute leukemias. Rec Results Cancer Res 43 57–62, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Yam LT, Li CY, Wolfe HJ, May PW. Histochcmical study of acute leukemia Arch Pathol 97: 129–135, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bennett JM. Reed CE. Acute leukemia cytochemical profile: Diagnostic and clinical implications. Blood Cells 1: 101–108, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Shaw MT. The cytochemistry of acute leukemia: A diagnostic and prognostic evaluation. Semin Oncol 3: 219–228, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Scott CS. Cytochemical applications in haematologv, with particular reference to acute leukaemias: A review. Med Lab Sci 35: 111–136, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. layhoe FGJ, Quaglino D. 1 iacmatological cytochemistry. Edinburgh/London/New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Flandrin G, Daniel MT. Cytochemistry in the classification of leukemias. In: Catovsky D, ed. The leukemic cell. Edinburgh/London/New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1981, pp 29–48.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pangalis GA. Cytochemical investigation of leukemias and lymphomas. Iatriki 39: 483–490, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Schmalzl F, Braunsteiner H. Zur diagnose monozytärer leukämien mit zytochemischen methoden. Acta Haematol 40: 121–133. 1968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Daniel MT. Flandrin G. Lejeune F. Liso P. Lortholary P. Les estérases spécifiques monocytaires: Utilisation dans la classification des leukémies aigües. Nouv Rev Fr Hématol 11: 233–249, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DAG. Gralnick HR. Sultan C. Proposals for the classification of the acute leukemias. Br J Haematol 33: 451–458, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Barr RD, Perry S. Lysosomal acid hydrolases in human lymphocytes subpopulations. Br J Haematol 32: 565–572, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Meusers P, Konig E, Fink U, Brittinger G. Lysosomal acid phosphatase: Differences between normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia T and B lymphocytes. Blut 33: 313–318, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ranki A, Tötterman TH, Häyry P. Identification of resting human T and B lymphocytes by acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase staining combined with rosette formation with staphylococcus aureus srrain Cowan I. Scand J Immunol 5: 1129–1138, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wehinger H, Mobius W. Cytochemical studies on T and B lymphocytes and lymphoblasts with special reference to acid phosphatase. Acta Haematol 56: 129–136, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Higgy KE. Burns GF. Hayhoe FGJ. Discrimination of B, T and null lymphocytes of esterase cytochemistry. Scand J Haematol 81: 437–488, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Tötterman TH, Ranki A, Häyry P. Expression of the acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase marker by activated and secondary T-lymphocytes in man. Scand J Immunol 6: 305–310, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Barr RD, Allardyce M. Cytochemical identification of human T lymphocytes. 118: 1279–1281, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Grossi CE, Webb SR. Zicca A. Lydyard PM. Moretta L, Mingari MC, Cooper MA. Morphological and histochemical analyses of two human T-cells subpopulations bearing receptor for lgM of IgG. J of Exp Med 147: 1405–1417, 1978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Knowles DM, Hoffman T, Ferrarini M, Kunkel HG. The demonstration of acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human lymphocytes: Usefulness as a T cell marker. Cell Immunol 35: 112–123, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Pangalis GA, Waldman SR, Rappaport H. Cytochemical findings in human nonneoplastic blood and tonsillar B and T lymphocytes. Am J Clin Pathol 69: 314–318, 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ranki A. Nonspecific esterase activity in human lymphocytes: Histochemical characterization and distribution among major lymphocyte subclasses. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 10: 47–58, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mancont PE, Marrosu MG, Paghi I. Correale G, Zacchco D. Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human lymphocytes: Distribution in lymphocyte sub-populations and in mitogen activated cells. Scand J Immunol 9: 99–104, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Yang TJ, Janczen PA. Williams LF. Acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase: Presence of activity in bovine and human T and B lymphocytes. Immunol 38: 85–93, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Basso G. Cosito MG, Semenzato G. Pez- zutto A, Zanesco I.. Cytochemical study of thymocytes and T lymphocytes. Br J Haematol 44: 557–582, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bevan A, Burns GF, Gray I., Cawley JC. Cytochemistry of human T-cell subpopulations. Scand J Immunol 1 1: 223–233, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ferrarini M. Cadont A, Franzi AT, Ghig- lioti C. Leprini A. Zicca A. Grossi CE. Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes: Similarities between the cells of the third population and Tg lymphocvtes. Eur I Immunol 10: 562–570, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Machin GA. Halper JP. Knowles DM. II Cytochemically demonstrable (i- glucuronidase activity in normal and neoplastic human lymphoid cells. Blood 56: 1111–1119, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fehr J, Scherer O. Nonspecific esterase as a marker for human T-lymphocytes: Sequential studies during states of transient blood lymphocyte redistribution. Blut 44: 201–209, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Catovsky D, Galetto J, Okos A. Miliani E, Galton DAG. Cytochemical profile of B and T leukacmic lymphocytes with special reference to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 27: 767–771, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Flandrin D. Daniel NT. β-glucuronidasc activity in Sézary cells. Scand J Haematol 12: 23–31, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Brouet JC, Flandrin G, Sasportes M, Preud’homme JL, Seligmann M. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-cell origin. Immunological and clinical evaluation in eleven patients. Lancet 2: 890–893, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Catovsky D. T-cell origin of acid phosphatase positive lymphoblasts. Lancet 2: 327–328. 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ritter J, Gaedicke G. Winkler K. Beckmann H, Lanbeck G. Possible T-cell origin of lymphoblasts in acid phosphatase-positive acute Ivmphatic leukemia. Lancet 2: 75, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Brouet JC. Valensi F. Daniel MT. Flandrin G, Preud’homme JL, Seligmann M. Immunological classification of acute lympho-blastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 33: 319–328, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Davey FR, Huntington SJ, MacCallum J, Macmath. Cytochemical reactions of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes. J Clin Pathol 30: 653–660. 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kulenhampff J, Janossy MG, Greaves MF. Acid esterase in human lymphoid cells and leukaemia blasts: A marker for T lymphocytes. Br J Haematol 36: 235–244, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Pangalis GA, Yacaganas X. Fessas Ph. β-glucuronidase activity of lymph node imprints from malignant lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Pathol 30: 812–816, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Andreewa P. Huhn D. Thiel E. Rodt H. Comparison of enzyme cytochemical findings and immunological marker investigations in acute Iymphatic leukemia (ALL). Blut 36: 299–305, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Bearman RM, Pangalis GA. Rappaport H. Prolymphocyte leukemia: Clinical, histopathological and cytochemical observations. Cancer 42: 2360–2372, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Catovsky D, Cherchi M, Greaves MF, Janossy G. Pain C. Kay HEM. The acid phosphatase reaction in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1: 749–751, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Catovsky D. Costello C. Cytochemistry of normal and leukaemic lymphocytes: A review. Basic Appl Cytochem 23: 255–270, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Knowles DM, Halper JP, Machin GA. Sherman W. Acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human neoplastic lymphoid cells: Usefulness as a T-cell marker. Am J Pathol 96: 257–278, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. McKenna RW, Brynes RK. Nesbit ME. Bloomfield CD, Kersey JH, Spaniers E. Brunning RD. Cytochcmical profiles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 3: 263–275. 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Pinkus GS, Hargreaves HK, McLead JA. Nadler LM, Rosenthal DS. Said JW. α-naphthvl acetate esterase activity: A cytochemical marker for T Iymphocytes. Am J Pathol 97: 17–42, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Beck J D. Haghbin M. Wollner N, Mertelsmann R. Garrett T, Koziner B. Clarkson B. Miller D, Good RA, Gupta S. Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes: VI. Analysis of cell markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with special reference to Fc receptor expression on E-rosette-formmg blasts. Cancer 46: 45–49, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Catovsky D. Leukocyte enzymes in leukaemia. In: Roath S, ed. Topical review in hacmatology. vol 1, Bristol: John Wright & Sons. 1980. pp 157–185.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Lilleyman JS, Britton JA, Laycock BJ, Sugden PJ. Sex and acid phosphatase in childhood non-T lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 33: 151–154. 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Thiel E, Rodt H, Huhn D, Netzel B, Grosse-Wilde H, Ganeshaguru K. Thiertelder S. Multimarker classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia Evidence for further T subgroups and evaluation of their clinical significance. Blood 56: 759–772, 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Greaves MF. Analysis of the clinical and biological significance of lymphoid phenotypes in acute leukemia. Cancer Res 41: 4752–4766. 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Pullen Dl, FallettaJM. Crist WM. Vogler LB. Dowell B. Humphrey GB. Blackstock R. Van Eys J. Cooper MD, Metzgar RS, Meydrech EF. Southwest Oncology Group experience with immunologic phenotvping in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood. Cancer Res 41: 4802–4809. 1981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Crockard A. Chalmers D. Matutes E. Catovsky D. Cytochemistry of acid hydrolases in chronic B-andT-cell leukemias. Am J Clin Pathol 78: 437–444, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Yang K. Bearman RM, Pangalis GA, Zelman RJ, Rappaport H. Acid phosphatase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase in neoplastic and nonneoplastic lymphocytes. Am J Clin Pathol 78: 141–149. 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kaplow IS. Simplified myeloperoxidase stain using benzidine dihydrochloride. Blood 36: 215–219, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Bessis M. Maigné J. Le diagnostic des variétés des peroxidases au microscope électronique: Son intérêt ses limites. Eur J Biol Res 15: 691–698, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Breton-Gorius J, Houssay D. Dreyfus B Partial myeloperoxidase deficiency in a case of preleukemia: 1. Studies of fine structure and peroxidase synthesis of promyelocytes. Br J Haematol 30: 273–278. 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Moloney WC. McPherson K. Fliegelman L. Esterase activity in leukocytes demonstrated by the use of naphthol AS-D chloroacetate substrate. J Histochem 8: 200–207, I960.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Leder I.D. Diagnostic experiences with the naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase reaction. Blut 21: 1–8, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Löffler H. Zytochemischer Nachweis von unspezifischer esterase in Austricher. Klin Woch 39: 1220–1227. 1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Schmalzl F, Braunsteiner H. Cytochemischc darstcllung von esterase aktivatäten in blut und knochenmarkszellen. Klin Woch 46, 642–650. 1968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Rozenszajn L, Leibovich M. Shohjam D. Epstein J. The esterase activity in megaloblasts: Leukaemic and normal haematopoietic cells. Br J Haematol 14: 605–610, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Shaw MT, Nordquist RE. Pure monocytic or histiomonocytic leukemia: A revised concept. Cancer 35: 208–214, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Quiser W, Dietrich M, Finke J. Kubanek B, Neu G, Olischläger A. Heimpel H. Vergleich zwichen cytologischer von akuter leukämie. Klin Woch 50: 498–503, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Barka T. Anderson PJ. Histochemical methods for acid phosphatase using hexazonium pararosanilin as coupler. J Histochem Cytochem 10: 741–753, 1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Li CY. Yam LT, Lam KW. Studies of acid phosphatase iso-enzymes in human leukocytes: Demonstration of isoenzymes cell specificity. J Histochem Cytochem 18: 901–910, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Pangalis GA, Kuhl W, Waldman SR, Beutler E. Acid hydrolases in normal B and T lymphocytes. Acta Haematol 59:285–292. 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Pangalis G A. Nathwani BN, Rappaport H. Rosen RB. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia The significance of nuclear convolutions. Cancer 43: 551–557, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Yam LT. Li CY. Crosby WH. Cytochemical identification of monocytes and granulocytes. Am J Clin Pathol 55: 283–290, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Pangalis GA. A semiquantitative cytochemical study of the lymphoid cells from benign and malignant lymphadenopathies. Doctoral thesis. University of Athens. 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Catovsky D. Classification of the acute leukemia. Oral presentation at the combined clinical staff conference of the French-American-British cooperative group. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md„ 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Pangalis GA. Acid esterase, acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase activity on adult leukemias. Leukemia Marker Conference Abstracts. Vienna 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Scott RE, Horn RG. Ultrastructural aspects of neutrophils granulocyte development in humans. Lab Invest 292: 202–215. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Sainton DF, Ullyot JL, Farquhar MG. The development of neutrophilic polymor¬phonuclear leukocytes in human bone marrow. J Exp Med 134: 907–934, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Rustin GJS, Wilson PD, Peters TJ. Studies on the subcellular localization of human neutrophil alkaline phosphatase. J Cell Sci 36: 401–402, 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Kaplow LS. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry: Applications and methods. Ann NY Acad Sci 155: 911–947, 1968.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Okum DB. Tanaka KR. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase. Am J Haematol 4: 293–299, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Wachstein M. Alkaline phosphatase activity in normal and abnormal human blood and bone marrow cells. J Lab Clin Med 31: 1–17, 1946.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Tanaka KR, Valentine WN, Fredericks RE. Diseases or clinical conditions associated with low alkaline phosphatase. New Engl J Med 262: 912–918, 1960.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Pangalis GA. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase in idiopathic thrombocythemia. Unpublished observations.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Yam LT, Li CY, Lam KW. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme in the reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloen- dotheliosis. New Engl J Med 284: 357–360, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Yam LT, Li CY, Finkel HE. Leukemic reticuloendothcliosis: The role of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in diagnosis and splenectomy in treatment. Arch Int Med 130: 248–256, 1972.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Katayama 1, Li CY, Yam LT. Histochemical study of acid phosphatase isoenzyme in leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Cancer 29: 157–164, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Schaefer HH, Hellriegel KP. Zack J, Fischer R. Zytochemischcr Polymorphismus der sauren phosphatase bei Haarzell-Leukämie. Blut 365–370. 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Higgy KE, Burns GF, Hayhoe FGJ. Identification of the hairy cells of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis by an esterase method. Br J Haematol 38:99–106, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Pangalis GA, Roussou P. Kittas C. Fessas Ph. Hairy cell leukemia. Clinical and laboratory observations of 11 cases. Arch Hell Med Soc 7: 525–530. 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Breton-Gorius J, Dreyfus B. Sultan C, Baseh A. D’Oliviera JG. Identification of circulating micromegakaryocytes in a case of refractory anemia: An electron microscopic cytochemical study. Blood 40: 453–463, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Quattrin N. Leukémies aiguës à basophiles. Nouv Rev Fr Hématol 13: 745–754, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Gerassimos A. Pangalis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lymphoma-Leukemia Unit, Hematology-Oncology Department, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel

    Aaron Polliack M.D.

  2. Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel

    Aaron Polliack M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston/The Hague/Dordrecht/Lancaster

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pangalis, G.A. (1984). Contribution of Cytochemistry in Leukemia. In: Polliack, A. (eds) Human Leukemias. Developments in Oncology Series, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2823-0_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2823-0_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9785-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2823-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation