Abstract
We are at the threshold of being able to study systems containing finite amounts of antimatter: the electron-positron plasma, positronium molecules and droplets, and surfaces having comparable electron and positron densities. The necessary ingredients for such studies are well known.[1] One must first obtain 10-9 sec bursts containing ∿ 107 slow positrons each either from a pulsed electron accelerator [2–4] or from a strong reactor-produced 64Cu radioactive source [5] combined with time bunching stages. [6] The positron bursts must then be brought to focus on a few hundred angstrom diameter spot on a target surface by means of repeated stages of acceleration, focusing and moderation (brightness enhancement [7]). While no one has made such a positron source, progress is being reported on all aspects of the problem.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A.P.Mills, Jr., Science 218, 335 (1982)
D.G.Costello, D.E.Groce, D.F.Herring and J.W.McGowan, Phys. Rev. B51433 (1972)
R.Howell, R.A. Alvarez and M. Stanek, Appl.Phys.Lett. 40, 751 (1982).
M.Begemann, G.Graff, H.Herminghaus, H.Kalinowsky and R.Ley, Nucl,Instr. and Meth. 201,287 (1982). See also contribution by Graff et al to this workshop.
Work in progress at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
A.P. Mills, Jr., Appl. Phys. 22, 273 (1980)
A.P. Mills, Jr., Appl. Phys. 23, 189 (1980)
K.F. Canter and A.P. Mills, Jr., Can. J. Phys. 60, 551 (1982)
F.W. Sears, Introduction to Thermodynamics; 2nd edition, ( Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1953 ).
J.R. Pierce [Theory and Design of Electron Beams (D. Van Nostrand, New York, 1954) p.1471 gives an expression for which sin6 is replaced by tan6 and E is the longitudinal beam energy.
E. Wigner, Trans. Faraday Soc., 34, 678 (1978).
J.H. Malmberg and T.M. O’Neil, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1333 (1977).
P.M. Platzman and P.A. Wolff, Waves and Interactions in Solid State Plasmas, ( Academic Press, NY, 1973 ).
L. Spitzer, Physics of Fully Ionized Gases (Wiley, New York, 1962 ).
I.J. Rosenberg, A.H. Weiss and K.F. Canter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1139 (1980).
See contribution by K.F. Canter to this volume.
W.F. Brinkman, T.M. Rice and B. Bell, Phys. Rev. B8, 1570 (1973)
S. Chu, A.P. Mills, Jr., and C.A. Murray, Phys. Rev. B23, 2060 (1981)
F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics ( McGraw Hill, New York, 1965 ) p. 324.
K.G. Lynn and D. Gidley, private communication.
The author wishes to thank P.M. Platzman and W.F. Brinkman for discussions.
C.M. Varma, Nature 267,686 (1977)
M. Bertolotti and C. Sibilia, Appl. Phys. 19, 127 (1979).
R. Ramaty, J.M. McKinley and F.C. Jones, Ap. J. 256, 238 (1982).
F. Winterberg, Phys. Rev. A19, 1356 (1979).
A.P. Mills,Jr., P.M. Platzman and B.L. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1076 (1978)
A.P. Mills, Jr., Appl.Phys.Lett. 35,427 (1979); ibid. 37, 667 (1980).
C.A. Murray and A.P. Mills, Jr., Solid State Commun. 34, 789 (1980).
J.M. Dale, L.D. Hulet and S. Pendyala, Surface and Interface Analysis 2, 199 (1980).
R.J. Wilson and A.P. Mills, Jr., Phys. Rev. B27, 3949 (1983).
P.J. Shultz, K.G. Lynn, W. Frieze and A. Vehanen, Phys. Rev. B27, 6626 (1983).
S. Pendyala, P.W. Zitewitz, J.W. McGowan and P.H.R. Orth, Phys. Lett. 43A, 298 (1973).
P.G. Coleman, T.C. Griffith and G.R. Heyland, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A331, 561 (1973).
A. Vehanen, K.G. Lynn, P.J. Shultz and M. Eldrup to be published.
P.B. Schwinberg, R.S. VanDyck, Jr. and H.G. Dehmelt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47,1679 (1981) and refs. therein.
J.H. Malmberg and J.S. deGrassie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 577 (1975)
J.H. Malmberg and T.M. O’Neil, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1333 (1977).
T.M. O’Neil, Phys. Fluids 23, 725 (1980).
W.M. Fairbank, F.C. Witteborn, J.M.J. Madey and J.M. Lockhart, Experimental Gravitation, Proc. Int. Sch. Phys. “Enrico Fermi” Course LVI, B. Bertotti, ed. ( Academic Press, New York, 1974 ) p. 310.
K.G. Lynn, D.N. Lowy and I.K. MacKenzie, J.Phys. C: Solid St. Phys. 13, 919 (1980).
It is unfortunate that one apparently cannot use the resistive tube damping idea of Ref. 36 to remove the longitudinal kinetic energy of the particles. Neglect of the skin depth in the calculation causes the resistive damping rate to be greatly over estimated. However, once the beam has internally thermalized it can be slowed to very low energies by a retarding field.
K.G. Lynn, private communication.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mills, A.P. (1984). Techniques for Studying Systems Containing Many Positrons. In: Humberston, J.W., McDowell, M.R.C. (eds) Positron Scattering in Gases. NATO ASI Series, vol 107. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2751-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2751-6_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9804-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2751-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive