Skip to main content

The Optically Pumped Formic Acid Laser

  • Chapter

Abstract

Since the advent of optically pumped FIR lasers, the formic acid (HCOOH) has appeared as one of the most promising candidates for high efficiency FIR laser action. In fact some of its emission lines are among the most intense laser lines available in the far infrared region. Up to now more than 225 lines have been observed from HCOOH and its isotopic species that cover the region from 133.9 μm to 1730, 8 μm [1A–13A]. A remarkable point about the study of this laser is that it illustrates the original contribution of the spectroscopy of FIR lasers to the obtention of accurate molecular parameters. When the first observation of FIR laser action in formic acid was made, the only high resolution data available were provided by microwave spectroscopy of the ground and some excited states [1C - 3C]. From these data and some low resolution infrared spectra, it has been possible to assign some HCOOH emission lines and thus to get additional spectroscopic parameters [4C], Thereafter a high resolution infrared spectrum of the infrared bands pumped by the C02 laser has been recorded and assigned [1B].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

A - Wavelength and frequency measurements - Assignment of FIR emissions in formic acid

  1. D.J.E. Knight: “Ordered list of far-infrared lines”, NPL Report Qu 45 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R.J. Wagner, A.J. Zelano and L.H. Ngai: “New submillimeter laser lines in optically pumped gas molecules”, Opt. Commun 8 pp 46–47 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. T.K. Plant, P.D. Coleman and T.A. Detemple: “New optically pumped far-infrared lasers”, IEEE. J. Quant. Electron. QE9, pp 962–963 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  4. S.F. Dyubko, V.A. Svich and L.D. Fesenko: “Submillimeter laser using formic acid vapor pumped with carbon dioxide laser radiation”, Sov. J. Quant. Electron, 3 p 446 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. H.E. Radford: “New C.W. lines from a submillimeter waveguide laser”, IEEE. J. Quant. Electron. QE 11 pp 213–214 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S.F. Dyubko, V.A. Svich and L.D. Fesenko: “Submillimeter HCOOH, DC00H, HC00D and DC00D laser”, Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., 20 pp 1536–1538 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. Dangoisse, A. Deldalle, J.P, Splingard and J. Beliefs. “Mesure precise des emissions continues du laser submillimetrique a acide formique”, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris t. 283 série B pp 115–118 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. Deldalle, D. Dangoisse, J.P. Splingard and J. Bellet: “Accurate measurements of C.W. optically pumped FIR laserlines of formic acid molecule and its isotopic species H 13COOH, HCOOD and DCOOD”, Opt. Commun. 22 pp 333–336 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H.E. Radford, F.R. Petersen, D.A. Jennings and J.A. Mucha: “Heterodyne measurements of submillimeter laser spectrometer frequencies”, IEEE. J. Quant. Electron. 13, pp 92–94 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Kramer and C.O. Weiss: “Frequencies of some optically pumped submillimeter laser lines”, Appl. Phys. 10 187–188 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. B.M. Landsberg: “New C.W. optically pumped FIR emissions in HC00H, D2C0 and.CD Br”, Appl. Phys., 23 pp 345–348 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Dangoisse and P. Glorieux: “Optically pumped C.W. submillimeter emissions from H COOH: measurements and assignments”, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 92 pp 283–297 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. P.J. Epton, W.L, W. lson. Jr, F.K. Tittel and T.A. Rabson: “Frequency measurement of the formic acid laser 311 ym line”, Appl, Opt. 18 pp 1704–1705 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  14. A] D. Dangoisse, E. Willemot, A, Deldalle and J, Bellet: “Assignment of the HCOOH C.W. submillimeter laser”, Optics Commun. 28 pp 111–116 (1979),

    Google Scholar 

  15. A] O.I. Baskakov, S.F. Dyubko, M,V. Moskienko and L.D, Fesenko; “Identification of active transitions in a formic acid vapor laser”, Sov. J, Quant, Electron., 7 pp 445–449 (1977),

    Google Scholar 

  16. A] H.E. Radford: Private communication (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  17. S.F. Dyubko, O.I. Baskakov, M.V. Moskienko and L.D. Fesenko: “Assignment of some optically pumped FIR laser lines of C2H2F2, HCOOD and CH3I, Conf. Digest of the third Int. Conf. on submillimeter waves and their applications”, Guildford U.K., pp 68–69 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  18. H.P. Röser: “Die entwicklung eines optisch gegumpten Submm lasers als Lokaler Oszillator in einem heterodyn - system”, Thesis, Bonn (1979).

    Google Scholar 

B - Infrared spectroscopy

  1. B.M. Landsberg, D. Crocker and R.J. Butcher: “Offset-locked CO2 waveguide laser study of formic acid, Reassessement of Far-infrared laser assignments”, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 92 pp 67–76 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. R.L. Reddington: “Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis of isotopically labeled Formic acid Monomers”, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 65 pp 171–189 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. B] V. Williams: “Infrared Spectra of monomeric formic acid and its deuterated forms I high frequency region, II low frequency region (2200-800 cm-1)”, J. Chem. Phys. 15 pp 232–251 (1947),

    Google Scholar 

  4. b] T. Miyazawa and K.S. Pitzer: “Internal rotation and infrared spectra of formic acid monomer and normal coordinate treatment of out of plane vibration of monomer dimer and polymer”, J. Chem. Phys. 27 pp 1076–1086 (1959),

    Google Scholar 

  5. C, Hisatsune and J, Heicklen; “Are there two structural isomers of formic acid”, Can. J. Spectrosc. 18 pp 135–142 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J.C. Deroche and P. Pinson: “Assignments in infrared spectra of ν6 and ν8 of formic acid”, Six. Coll. High. res. mol. spectrosc. C-10 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  7. J.C. Deroche, J. Kauppinen and E. Kyro: “v.. and Vn bands of formic acid near 16 ym”, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 78 pp 379–394 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R.C. Milliken and K.S. Pitzer: “Infrared spectra and vibrational assignment of monomeric formic acid”, J. Chem. Phys. 27 pp 1305–1308 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

C — Microwave spectroscopy

  1. E. Willemot, D. Dangoisse, N. Monnanteuil and J. Bellet: “Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest: XVIII: Formic acid”, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. data 9 pp 59–160 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. E. Willemot, D. Dangoisse and J. Bellet: “Etude desspectres de notation des etats vibrationals excites Vr -1 -1 6 (1105 cm) et Vg (1033 cm) de lTacide formique”, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris t 279 serie B pp 247–250 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  3. E. Willemot, D. Dangoisse and J. Bellet: “Microwave spectrum of formic acid and its isotopic species m D, C 18 and O. Study of Coriolis resonances between v7 and v9 vibrational excited states”, J. Mol. Spectrosc, 73 pp 96–119 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. E. Willemot, D, Dangoisse and J. Bellet: “Microwave spectrum of the vibrational excited states V7 and V8 of formic acid. Contribution to the assignment of the formic acid submillimeter laser”, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 77 161–168 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

D - Other references

  1. S.F. Dyubko, L.D. Fesenko and O.I. Baskakov: “Investigation of submillimeter wave amplification in optically pumped molecular gases”, Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 7 pp 859–862 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. L.D. Fesenko and S.F. Dyubko: “Optimization of the para meters of optically pumped submillimeter lasers”, Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 6 pp 839–843 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. G. Duxbury and H. Herman: “Optically pumped millimetre lasers”, J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Phys. 11 pp 935–949 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. C.O. Weiss: “Pump saturation in molecular Far-infrared laser”, IEEE. J. Quant. Electron. QE12 pp 580–584 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  5. C.O. Weiss and G. Kramer: “Vibrational relaxation in the HCOOH Far-infrared laser”, Appl. Phys. 9 pp 175–177 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. H.J.A. Bluyssen, A,F. Van Etteger, T.C. Maan and P. Wyder: “Very short Far-infrared pulses from optically pumped CH3OH/D, CH3F and HCOOH lasers using an E.Q.-switched CO2 laser as a pump source”, IEEE. J. Quant. Electron. QE16 pp 1347–1351 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  7. J.C. Deroche and C. Betrencourt-Stirnemann: “Rotational analysis of CH3Br v6 perpendicular band through far infrared laser lines”, Molecular Physics 32 pp 921–930 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. D. Dangoisse, A. Deldalle and P. Glorieux; “Double resonance on the active medium of an optically pumped submillimeter laser: HCOOH”, J. Chem. Phys. 69 pp 5201–5202 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Dangoisse: “Lasers moleculaires optiquement pompes - Application a la spectroscopic submillim£trique”, These d’Etat, Lille (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Dangoisse, P. Glorieux and M. Lefebvre: “Double resonance on the active medium of a FIR laser: dispersion effects”, 7th Coll. on high resol. Mol. Spectrosc. Q9 Reading (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. Freed, L.C. Bradley and R.G. O’Donnell: “Absolute frequencies of Lasing transitions in seven CO isotopic species”, IEEE. J. Quant. Electron. QE16 pp 1195–1206 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dangoisse, D., Glorieux, P. (1984). The Optically Pumped Formic Acid Laser. In: Button, K.J., Inguscio, M., Strumia, F. (eds) Reviews of Infrared and Millimeter Waves. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2689-2_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2689-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9672-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2689-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics