Skip to main content

Laboratory Diagnosis

  • Chapter
Marek’s Disease

Part of the book series: Developments in Veterinary Virology ((DVVI,volume 1))

Abstract

Marek’s disease (MD) is one of the most commonly occurring neoplastic diseases of chickens and is endemic in almost all poultry-producing areas of the world. Highly successful vaccination programmes have dramatically reduced natural outbreaks of MD in commercial chickens. However, vaccination has not eradicated MD and outbreaks continue to occur sporadically, hence the need for proper diagnosis of the disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Churchill AE, Biggs PM: Agent of Marek’s disease in tissue culture. Nature (215):528–530, 1967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Solomon JJ, Witter RL, Nazerian K, Burmester BR: Studies on the etiology of Marek’s disease. I. Propagation of the agent in cell culture. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med (127):173–177, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Purchase HG, Payne LN. Leukosis/sarcoma group. In: Hofstad MS, Barnes HJ, Calnek BW, Reid WM, Yoder HW, Jr. (eds) Diseases of Poultry, 8th Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1984, pp 360–405.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kenzy SG, Cho BR: Transmission of classical Marek’s disease by affected and carrier birds. Avian Dis (13):211–214, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cho BR, Kenzy SG: Virologic and serologic studies of zoo birds for Marek’s disease virus infection. Infect Immun (11):809–814, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jungherr E: Neurolymphomatosis phasianorum. J Am Vet Med Assoc (94):49–52, 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wight PAL: Lymphoid leucosis and fowl paralysis in the quail. Vet Rec (75):685–687, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Halliwell WH: Lesions of Marek’s disease in a great horned awl. Avian Dis (15):49–55, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sevoian M, Chamberlain DM, Larose RN: Avian lymphomatosis. New support for etiologic unity. Proc 17th World’s Vet Cong (2): 1963, pp 1475–1476.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Witter RL, Solomon JJ, Sharma JM: Response of turkeys to infection with virulent Marek’s disease of turkeys and chickens. Am J Vet Res (35):1325–1332, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Paul PS, Sautter JH, Pomeroy BS: Susceptibility of turkeys to Georgia strain of Marek’s disease virus of chicken origin. Am J Vet Res (38):1653–1656, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Elmubarak AK, Sharma JM, Witter RL, Nazerian K, Sanger VL: Induction of lymphomas and tumor antigen by Marek’s disease virus in turkeys. Avian Dis (25):911–926, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nazerian K, Elmubarak A, Sharma JM: Establishment of Blymphoblastoid cell lines from Marek’s disease virus-induced tumors in turkeys. Int J Cancer (29):63–68, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Powell PC, Howes K, Lawn AM, Mustill BM, Payne LN, Rennie M, Thompson MA: Marek’s disease in turkeys. The induction of lesions and the establishment of lymphoid cell lines. Avian Pathol (13):201–214, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Elmubarak AK, Sharma JM, Witter RL, Sanger VL: Marek’s disease in turkeys: Lack of protection by vaccination. Am J Vet Res (43): 740–742, 1982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Witter RL, Offenbecker L: Duration of vaccinal immunity against Marek’s disease. Avian Dis (22):396–408, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Witter RL: Protection by attenuated and polyvalent vaccines against highly virulent strains of Marek’s disease virus. Avian Pathol (11):49–62, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gross WB: Effect of social stress on occurrence of Marek’s disease in chickens. Am J Vet Res (33):2275–2279, 1972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Giambrone JJ, Eidson CS, Page RK, Fletcher OJ, Barger BO, Kleven SH: Effect of infectious bursal agent on the response of chickens to Newcastle disease and Marek’s disease vaccination. Avian Dis (20):534–544, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Witter RL, Lee LF, Bacon LD, Smith EJ: Depression of vaccinal immunity to Marek’s disease by infection with reticuloendotheliosis virus. Infect Inmun (26):90–98, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sharma JM: Effect of infectious bursal disease virus on protection against Marek’s disease by turkey herpesvirus vaccine. Avian Dis (28):629–640, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Payne LN, Biggs PM: Studies on Marek’s disease. II. Pathogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst (39):281–302, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Witter RL, Purchase HG, Burgoyne GH: Peripheral nerve lesions similar to those of Marek’s disease in chickens inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. J Natl Cancer Inst (45):567–577, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Witter RL, Stephens EA, Sharma JM, Nazerian K: Demonstration of a tumor-associated surface antigen in Marek’s disease. J Inmunol (115):177–183, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stephens EA, Witter RL, Nazerian K, Sharma JM: Development and characterization of a Marek’s disease transplantable tumor in inbred line 72 chickens homozygous at the major (B) histocompatibility locus. Avian Dis (24):358–374, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lee LF, Liu X, Sharma JM, Nazerian K, Bacon LD: A monoclonal antibody reactive with Marek’s disease tumor associated surface antigen. J Inmunol (130):1007–1011, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ekperigin HE, Fadly AM, Lee LF, Liu X, McCapes RH: Comb lesions and mortality patterns in White Leghorn layers affected by Marek’s disease. Avian Dis (27):503–512, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Siccardi FJ, Burmester BR: The differential diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis and Marek’s disease. USDA Tech Bull (1412):1–24, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Purchase HG, Sharma JM: The differential diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis and Marek’s disease. A slide study set and descriptive manuscript published by the Am Assoc Avian Pathol, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Neumann U, Witter RL: Differential diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis and Marek’s disease by tumor-associated criteria. I. Studies on experimentally infected chickens. Avian Dis (23):417–433, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Neumann U, Witter RL: Differential diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis and Marek’s disease by tuner-associated criteria. II. Studies on field cases. Avian Dis (23):426–433, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Witter RL, Solomon JJ, Champion LR, Nazerian K: Long-term studies of Marek’s disease infection in individual chickens. Avian Dis (15):346–365, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Parker RC: Methods of Tissue Culture. 3rd Ed. Harper and Row, New York, 1961, pp 135–137.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Sharma JM: Cell-mediated immunity to tumor antigen in Marek’s disease: Susceptibility of effector cells to antilymphocyte serum an enhancement of cytotoxic activity by Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. Infect Immun (18):46–51, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Calnek BW, Adldinger HK, Kahn DE: Feather follicle epithelium: A source of enveloped and infectious cell-free herpesvirus from Marek’s disease. Avian Dis (14):219–233, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Calnek BW, Adldinger HK: Some characteristics of cell-free preparations of Marek’s disease virus. Avian Dis (15):508–517, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Calnek BW, Modin SH, Kniazeff AI: Susceptibility of cultured mammalian cells to infection with a herpesvirus from Marek’s disease and T-virus from reticuloendotheliosis of chickens. Am J Vet Res (30):1403–1412, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sharma JM: In vitro cell association of Marek’s disease herpes-virus. Am J Vet Res (32):291–301, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Witter RL, Sharma JM: Transient infectivity and heterokaryon formation in hamster cell cultures inoculated with cell-associated stocks of Marek’s disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys. J Natl Cancer Inst (53):1731–1742, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Witter RL, Sharma JM, Offenbecker L: Turkey herpesvirus infection in chickens: Induction of lymphoproliferative lesions and characterization of vaccinal impunity against Marek’s disease. Avian Dis (26):676–692, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Cho BR: A simple in vitro differentiation between turkey herpes-virus and Marek’s disease virus. Avian Dis (25):839–846, 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Biggs PM, Milne BS: Use of the embryonating egg in studies on Marek’s disease. Am J Vet Res (32):1795–1809, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Longenecker BM, Pazderka F, Stone HS, Gavora JS, Ruth RF: In ovo assay for Marek’s disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. Infect Immun (11):922–931, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sharma JM, Coulson BD, Young E: Effect of in vitro adaptation of Marek’s disease virus on pock induction on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. Infect Immun (13):292–295, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bülow V von: Diagnosis and certain biological properties of the virus of Marek’s disease. Am J Vet Res (32):1275–1288, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Nazerian K, Burmester BR: Electron microscopy of a herpesvirus associated with the agent of Marek’s disease in cell culture. Cancer Res (2):2454–2462, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Lee LF, Kieff ED, Bachenheimer SL, Roizman B, Spear 1G, Burmester BR, Nazerian K: Size and composition of Marek’s disease virus deoxyribonucleic acid. J Virol (7):289–294, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Purchase HG: Imnunofluorescence in the study of Marek’s disease. I. Detection of antigen in cell culture and an antigenic comparison of eight isolates. J Virol (3):557–565, 1969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Bülow V von, Biggs PM: Differentiation between strains of Marek’s disease virus and turkey herpesvirus by imnunofluorescence assays. Avian Pathol (4):133–146, 1975.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Billow V von, Biggs PM: Precipitating antigens associated with Marek’s disease viruses and a herpesvirus of turkeys. Avian Pathol (4):147–162, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lee LF, Liu X, Witter RL: Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for three different serotypes of Marek’s disease virus in chickens. J Imnunol (130):1003–1006, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Schat KA, Calnek BW, Fabricant J: Characterization of two highly oncogenic strains of Marek’s disease virus. Avian Pathol (11): 593–606, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Calnek BW, Schat KA, Peckham MC, Fabricant J: Field trials with a bivalent vaccine (HVP and SB-1) against Marek’s disease. Avian Dis (27):844–849, 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Witter RL, Sharma JM, Lee LF, Opitz HM, Henry CW: Field trials to test the efficacy of polyvalent Marek’s disease vaccines in broilers. Avian Dis (28):44–60, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Cheng YQ, Lee LF, Smith EJ, Witter RL: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FTTSA) for the detection of antibodies to Marek’s disease virus. Avian Dis (in press) 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Chubb RC, Churchill AE: Precipitating antibodies associated with Marek’s disease. Vet Rec (83):4–7, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Haider SA, Lapen RF, Kenzy SG: Use of feathers in a gel precipitation test for Marek’s disease. Poult Sci (49):1654–1657, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Adldinger HK, Calnek BW: Pathogenesis of Marek’s disease: Early distribution of virus and viral antigens in infected chickens. J Natl Cancer Inst (50):1287–1298, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Purchase HG, Burgoyne GH: Immunofluorescence in the study of Marek’s disease: Detection of antibody. Am J Vet Res (31):117–123, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sharma, J.M. (1985). Laboratory Diagnosis. In: Payne, L.N. (eds) Marek’s Disease. Developments in Veterinary Virology, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2613-7_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2613-7_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9635-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2613-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics