Skip to main content

Laser Detection of Combustion Species

  • Chapter
Analytical Laser Spectroscopy

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSB,volume 119))

Abstract

Separate discussions are given of two laser-related in-situ diagnostic techniques pertinent to combustion media species characterization. The first is laser-induced fluorescence for determining the concentrations of selected molecules and/or radicals. The second is Mie scattering of laser radiation for determining the size and concentration of carbonaceous particulates. In discussing laser-induced fluorescence, attention will be given to:applicability criteria; simple two- and multi-level models of radiation interaction; the distinction between linear and saturated fluorescence; difficulties peculiar to combustion media; successful applications of the technique and its limitations. The discussion of Mie scattering will include:distinctions regarding size range, shape and composition of particulates; descriptions of scattering and extinction measurement schemes; the nature and relative importance of global and single particle scattering; problems particular to combustion media; measurement examples and technique limitations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. A. C. Eckbreth, P. A. Bonczyk, and J. F. Verdieck, Combustion Diagnostics by Laser Raman and Fluorescence Techniques, Prog.Energy Combust.Sci., 5:253 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. P. Baronavski and J. R. McDonald, Application of Saturation Spectroscopy to the Measurement of \({C_2}{,^{{3_{{\Pi _u}}}}}\) Concentrations in Oxy-Acetylene Flames, App.Opt., 16:1897 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. F. Verdieck and P. A. Bonczyk, Laser-Induced Saturated Fluorescence Investigations of CH, CN and NO in Flames, in:“Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion”, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. O. Berg and W. L. Shackleford, Rotational Redistribution Effect on Saturated Laser-Induced Fluorescence, Appl.Opt., 18:2093 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. P. Lucht, D. W. Sweeney, and N. M. Laurendeau, Balanced Cross Rate Model for Saturated Molecular Fluorescence in Flames Using a Nanosecond Pulse Length Laser, Appl.Opt., 19:3295 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. A. C. Eckbreth and J. W. Davis, Spatial Resolution Enhancement in Coaxial Light Scattering Geometries, Appl.Opt., 16:804 (1977).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. D. Stepowski and M. J. Cottereau, Direct Measurement of OH Local Concentration in a Flame from the Fluorescence Induced by a Single Laser Pulse, Appl.Opt., 18:354 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. P. Baronavski and J. R. McDonald, Measurement of C2 Concentrations in an Oxygen-Acetylene Flame:An Application of Saturation Spectroscopy, J.Chem.Phys., 66:3300 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. L. Pasternack, A. P. Baronavski, and J. R. McDonald, Application of Saturation Spectroscopy for Measurement of Atomic Na and MgO in Acetylene Flames, J.Chem.Phys., 69:4830 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. R. P. Lucht, D. W. Sweeney, and N. M. Laurendeau, Saturated-Fluorescence Measurements of the Hydroxyl Radical, in:“Laser Probes for Combustion Chemistry”, D. R. Crosley, ed., American Chemical Society, Washington (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. H. Muller III, K. Schofield, and M. Steinberg, Laser Induced Flame Chemistry of Li(22P1/2, 3/2) and Na(32P1/2, 3/2). Implications for other Saturated ftode Measurement, J.Chem.Phys., 72:6620 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. G. P. Smith and D. R. Crosley, Quantitative Laser-Induced Fluorescence in OH:Transition Probabilities and the Influence of Energy Transfer, in:“Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion”, The Combustion Institute, Pittsberg (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. W. Daily, Saturation of Fluorescence in Flames with a Gaussain Laser Beam, Appl.Opt., 17:225 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. P. Lucht (Private Communication).

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. Kerker, in:“Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation”, Academic Press, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Born and E. Wolf, in:“Principles of Optics”, 4th ed., Pergamon, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Asano and M. Sato, Light Scattering by Randomly Oriented Spheroidal Particles, Appl.Opt., 19:962 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. D. W. Schuerman, R. T. Wang, B. A. S. Gustafson, and R. W. Schaefer, Systematic Studies of Light Scattering. 1:Particle Shape, Appl.Opt., 20:4039 (1981); Appl.Opt., 21:369 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. P. A. Bonczyk, Measurement of Particulate Size by In Situ Laser-Optical Methods:A Critical Evaluation Applied to Fuel- Pyrolyzed Carbon, Combust.Flame, 35:191 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. R. C. Millikan, Optical Properties of Soot, J.Opt.Soc.Am., 51:698 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. G. Pinnick, D. E. Carroll, and D. J. Hofmann, Polarized Light Scattered from Monodisperse Randomly Oriented Nonspherical Aerosol Particles:Measurements, Appl.Opt., 15:384 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. W. M. Farmer, Measurement of Particle Size, Number Density, and Velocity Using a Laser Interferometer, Appl.Opt., 11:2603 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. W. Heller and R. Tabibian, Experimental Investigations on the Light Scattering of Colloidal Spheres. IV. Scattering Ratio, J.Phys.Chem., 66:2059 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J. P. Kratohvil and T. P. Wallace, Calibration of Light Scattering Photometers. VII. Calibration by Means of Colloidal Dispersions of Mie Scatterers, J.Phys.D.:Appl.Phys.(Great Britain) 3:221 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. D’Alessio, A. Di Lorenzo, A. F. Sarofim, F. Beretta, S. Masi, and C. Venitozzi, Soot Formation in Methane-Oxygen Flames, in:“Fifteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion”, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburg (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  26. E. D. Hirleman Jr., and S. L. K. Wittig, In Situ Optical Measurement of Automobile Exhaust Gas Particulate Size Distributions:Regular Fuel and Methanol Mixtures, in:“Sixteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion”, Pittsburg (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  27. H. Bockhorn, F. Fetting, U. Meyer, R. Reck, and G. Wannemacher, Measurement of the Soot Concentration and Soot Particle Sizes in Propane Oxygen Flames, in:“Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion”, Pittsburgh (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. L. Hack, G. S. Samuelsen, C. C. Poon, and W. D. Bachalo, An Exploratory Study of Soot Sample Integrity and Probe Perturbation in a Swirl-Stabilized Combustor, ASME J.Eng. Power, 103:759 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. P. H. P. Chang and S. S. Penner, Particle-Size Measurements in Flames Using Light Scattering; Comparison with Diffusion-Broadening Spectroscopy, J.Quant.Spectrosc.Radiat.Transfer, 25:105 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bonczyk, P.A. (1985). Laser Detection of Combustion Species. In: Martellucci, S., Chester, A.N. (eds) Analytical Laser Spectroscopy. NATO ASI Series, vol 119. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2441-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2441-6_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9484-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2441-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics