Abstract
The use of control systems models in medical education has been the subject of much experimentation over recent years. This has occurred in parallel with a progressively wider application of quantitative methods to the modelling and analysis of physiological systems and many of the teaching tools available today have arisen through research of this kind. Accurate clinical measurement itself has become much easier with the increasing availability of electronic instruments for both recording and processing of signals from transducers. Furthermore, analysis of processed signals has allowed more quantitative hypotheses concerning physiological mechanisms to achieve considerable precision. Thus many areas of research and practice in physiology and medicine have become dependent on quantitative methods and insights.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrahamson, S., and Hoffman, K. I., 1974, Sim One: a computer- controlled patient simulator, Lakartidningen, 71: 4756.
Abrahamson, S., Denson, J. S., and Wolf, R. M., 1969, Effectiveness of a simulator in training anaesthesiology residents., J. Med. Educ., 44: 515.
Ahmed, K., Ingram, D., and Dickinson, C.J., 1980, “Software for Educational Computing: A General Purpose Driver for Computer- assisted Instruction, Interrogation and System Simulation, MacAid”, MTP Press, Ltd., Lancaster.
Aida, K., Minamikawa, T., Takai, Y., Fujimasa, I., Tagasugi, S., and Miwa, T., 1977, A simulation-oriented CAI system for diagnosis and treatment in cardiology, in: “MEDINFO 77”, D. B. Shires and H. Wolf, eds., North Holland, Amsterdam: 841
Bleich, H. L., 1972, Computer-based consultation: electrolyte and acid-base balance, Am. J. Med., 53: 285.
Bloch, R., Ingram, D., Sweeney, G. D., Ahmed, K., and Dickinson, C. J., 1980, MacDope: simulation of drug disposition in the human body: mathematical considerations, J. Theoret. Biol., 87: 211.
Brigham, C. R., and Kamp, M., 1974, The current status of CAI in the health sciences, J. Med. Educ., 49: 278.
Coleman, T. G., 1978, A mathematical model of the human body in health, disease and during treatment, Proc. Joint Automatic Control Conf., vol. 4: 77.
Deland, E. C., Winters, R. W., Dell, R. B., and Zuckerman, A., 1972, FLUIDMOD: a versatile CAI system for medical students, in: “Proc. 1st USA-Japan Computer Conference, Tokyo”, American Federation of Information Processors1 Society.
Deland, E. C., 1978, “Information Technology in Health Science Education”, Plenum Press, New York.
Dickinson, C. J., and Shephard, E. P., 1972, A digital computer model of the systemic circulation and kidneys, for solving renal and circulatory interactions involving electrolytes and body fluid compartments, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 216: IIP.
Dickinson, C. J., Sackett, D. L., and Goldsmith, C. H., 1973, MacMan: a digital computer model for teaching some basic principles of haemodynamics, J. Clin. Comput., 2: 42.
Dickinson, C. J., 1977, “A Computer Model of Human Respiration”, M.T.P. Press, Lancaster.
Dickinson, C. J., Ingram, D., and Ahmed, K., 1978, The MAC family of physiological models, ATLA Abstracts, 6: 14.
Farquhar, B. B., Hoffer, E. P., and Barnett, G. O., 1978, Computer simulations in clinical education, in: “Information Technology in Health Science Education”, E. C. Deland, ed., Plenum Press, New York: 397.
Friedman, R. B., Korst, D. R., Schultz, J. V., Beatty, E., and Entine, S., 1978, Experience with the simulated patient- physician encounter, J. Med. Educ., 53: 825.
Goldberg, M., Green, S. B., Moss, M. L., Marbach, C. B., and Garfinkel, D., 1973, Computer-based instruction and diagnosis of acid-base disorders, JAMA, 223: 269.
Guyton, A. C., Jones, C. E., and Coleman, T. G., 1973, “Circulatory Physiology: Cardiac Output and its Regulation”, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Harless, W. G., Drennon, G. G., Marxer, J. J., Root, J. A., and Miller, G. E., 1973, CASE: a computer-aided simulation of the clinical encounter, J. Med. Educ., 46: 443.
Hoffer, E. P., Barnett, G. O., and Farquhar, B. B., 1972, Computer simulation model for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation, J. Med. Educ., 47: 343.
Hoffer, E. P., 1973, Experience with the use of computer simulation models in medical education, Comput. Biol. Med., 3: 269.
Hinds, C. J., Ingram, D., Adams, L., Cole, P. V., Dickinson, C. J., Kay, J., Krapez, J. R., and Williams, J., 1980, Initial evaluation of a holistic model of human respiration in artificially ventilated patients, Clin. Sci., 58: 83.
Hooper, R., 1977, “National Development Programme in Computer Assisted Learning: Final Report of the Director”, Council for Educational Technology, London.
Ingram, D., 1975, “Quantification of Clinical Changes Using Computer Models of Circulation as applied to Acute Myocardial Infarction Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.
Karplus, W. J., 1976, The spectrum of mathematical modeling and systems simulation, in: “Simulation of Systems”, L. Dekker, ed., North Holland, Amsterdam:5.
Kenny, G. N. C., and Schmulian, C., 1979, Computer-assisted learning in the teaching of anaesthesia, Anaesthesia, 34: 149.
Milner, S. D., and Wildberger, A. M., 1977, Determining appropriate uses of computers in education, Computers and Education, 1: 117.
Modell, H. I., Farhi, L. E., and Olszowka, A. J., 1974, Physiology teaching through computer simulations - problems and promises, The Physiology Teacher, 3: 14.
Murray, T. S., Cupples, R. W., Barber, J. H., and Hannay, D. R., 1976, Computer-assisted learning in undergraduate medical teaching, Lancet, i: 474.
Randall, J. E., 1980, “Microcomputers and Physiological Simulation”, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Rosenblueth, A., and Wiener, N., 1945, The role of models in science Philosophy of Science, 12: 316.
Senior, J. R., 1976, “Towards the Measurement of Clinical Competence. Report of the Computer-based Examination (CBX) Project”, US National Board of Examiners and American Board of Internal Medicine, Washington, DC.
Sheiner, L. B., 1969, Computer-aided long-term anticoagulation therapy, Comput. Biomed. Res., 2: 507.
Shortliffe, E. H., 1976, “Computer-based Medical Consultations: MYCIN”, Elsevier, New York.
Skene, A., 1984, Formal approaches to clinical decision-making, in: Mathematical Methods in Medicine, D. Ingram and R. F. Bloch, eds., Wiley, Chichester.
Skinner, J. B., Knowles, G., Armstrong, R. F., and Ingram, D., 1983, The use of computerised learning in intensive care: an evaluation of a new teaching program, Medical Education, 17: 49.
Spiegelhalter, D. J., 1983, Evaluation of clinical decision-aids, with an application to a system for dyspepsia, Statistics in Medicine, 2: 207.
United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1979, “Computer Technology in Medical Education and Assessment”, (Library of Congress Catalog No. 79-600146), Washington, DC.
Utsch, M., and Ingram, D., 1983, Generator program for computer-assisted instruction: MacGen, Comput. Progr. Biomed., 17: 167.
Warner, H. R., Woolley, F. R., and Kane, R. L., 1974, Computer-assisted instruction for teaching clinical decision-making, Comput. Biomed. Res., 7: 564.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ingram, D., Dickinson, C.J. (1985). A Review of Modelling and Simulation Techniques in Medical Education. In: Carson, E.R., Cramp, D.G. (eds) Computers and Control in Clinical Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2437-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2437-9_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9482-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2437-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive