Abstract
The causes of some of the most common and devastating diseases of the human nervous system remain unknown. Prominent on this list are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), parkinsonism, and Alzheimer’s disease. Each of these conditions is presently considered to be a degenerative disorder of unknown origin. In each, there may be a variable clinical expression reflecting different etiologies in different patients. A specific inherited metabolic disorder may account for a small percentage of cases, while immunological, viral, or other etiologies may be responsible for the remainder.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler, R., Landa, R.B., Manthorpe, M. and Varon, S., 1979, Cholinergic neurotrophic factors: Intraocular distribution of trophic activity for ciliary neurons, Science, 204: 1434–1436.
Appel, S.H., 1981, A unifying hypothesis for the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s disease, Ann. Neurol., 10: 499–505.
Barde, Y.A., Edgar, D., and Thoenen, H., 1982, Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain, EMBQ J, 1: 549–553.
Berg, D.K., 1984, New neuronal growth factors, Ann. Rev. Neurosci., 7: 149–170.
Bondareff, W., Mountjoy, C.Q., Roth, M., 1982, Loss of neurons of origin of the adrenergic projection to cerebral cortex (nucleus locus ceruleus) in senile dementia, Neurology 32: 164–168.
Bowen, DM, 1983, Biochemical assessment of neurotransmitter and metabolic dysfunction and cerebral atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease, Katzman, R., (ed), Banbury Report 15, Biological Aspects of Alzheimer’s Disease, Coldspring Harbor, NY, pp. 219.
Bradshaw, R.A., 1983, What cloned genes can tell us about nerve growth factor, Nature, 303: 751.
Brookes, N., Burt, D.R., Goldberg, A.H. and Bierkamp (1980), Influence of muscle-conditoned medium on cholinergic modification in spinal cord cell cultures, Brain Res, 186: 474–479
Cohen, S., 1960, Purification of a nerve-growth promoting protein from the mouse salivary gland and its neurocytotoxic antiserum, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 302–311.
Davies, P., Katzman, R., Terry, R.D., 1980, Reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex from cases of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s senile dementia, Nature, 288: 279
Davies, P., and Maloney, A.J.F., 1976, Selective loss of central central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease, Lancet 2: 1403.
Dribin, L.B. and Barrett, J.N., 1980, Conditioned medium enhances neuritic outgrowth from rat spinal explants, Dev. Biol., 74: 184
Giller, E.L., Jr., Schrier, B.K., Shainberg, A., Fisk, H.R., and Nelson, P.B., 1977, Choline acetyl transferase activity of spinal cord cell cultures increased by co-culture with muscle and by muscle-conditioned medium, J. Cell Biology, 74: 16
Hopkins, W.F., Johnston, D., 1984, Frequency-dependent noradrenergic modulation of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, Science, 226: 350–352.
Levi-Montalcini, R., 1982, Developmental neurobiology and the natural history of nerve growth factor, Ann. Rev. Neurosci., 5: 341–362.
Levi-Montalcini, R., and Angeletti, P.U., 1968, Nerve growth factor, Physiol. Rev., 48: 534–569.
Levi-Montalalcini, R., and Hamburger, V., 1951, Selective growth stimulating effects of mouse sarcoma on the sensory-sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo, J. Exp. Zool., 116: 321–361.
Morrison, J. H., Rogers, J., Scherr, S., Benoit, R., and Bloom, F. E., 1985, Somatostatin immunoreactivity in neuritic plaques of Alzheimer’s patients, Nature, 314: 90–92
Nieto-Sampedro, M., Lewis, E.R., Cotman, C.W., Manthorpe, M., Skaper, S.D., Barbin, G., Longo, F.M., and Varon, S., 1982, Brain injury causes a time-dependent increase in neuronotrophic activity at the lesion site, Science, 217: 860–861.
Nishi, R., and Berg, D.K., 1979, Survival and development of ciliary ganglion neurones grown alone in cell culture, Nature, 277: 232–234.
Nishi, R., and Berg, D., 1981, Two components from eye tissue that differentially stimulate the growth and development of ciliary ganglion neurons in cell culture, J. Neuroscience 1: 505–513.
Ojika, K., Appel, S. H., 1984, Neurotrophic effects of hippocampal extracts on medial septal nucleus in vitro, PNAS, 81: 2567–2571.
Oppenheim, R.W., 1981, Neuronal cell death and some related regressive phenomena during neurogenesis: A selective historical review and progress report, in: “Studies in Developmental Neurobiology,” W.M. Cohen, ed., Uxford University, New York.
Price, D.L., Struble, R.G., Clark, A.W., Coyle, J.T., Delon, M.R., 1982, Alzeimer’s disease and senile dementia: Loss of neurons in the basal forebrain, Science 215: 1237
Prochiantz, A., di Porzio, U., Kato, A., Berger, B., and Glowinski, J., 1979, In vitro maturation of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from mouse embryos is enhanced in presence of their striatal target cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76: 5387–5391.
Prochiantz, A., Daguet, M-C, Herbert A., Glowinski, J., 1981, Specific stimulation of in vitro maturation of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by striatal membranes, Nature, 293: 570–572.
Roberts, G. W., Crow, T. J., and Polak, J.M., 1985, Location of neuronal tangles in somatostatin neurones in Alzheimer’s disease, Nature, 314: 92–94
Smith, R.G. and Appel, S.H., 1983, Extracts of skeletal muscle increase neurite outgrowth and cholinergic activity of fetal fat spinal motor neurons, Science, 219: 1079–1081.
Specht, LA., Pickel, V.M., Joh, T.H. and Reis, D.J., 1981, Light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine- hydroxylase in prenatal rat brain: I Early ontogeny, Comp. Neurol., 199: 233–253
Specht, L.A., Pickel, V.M., Joh, T.H. and Reis, D.J., 1981, Light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine-hydroxylase in prenatal rat brain: II Late ontogeny, Comp. Neurol., 199: 255–276.
Theonen, H., and Barde, Y., 1980, Physiology of nerve growth factors, Physiol 60: 1284.
Varon, S., Manthorpe, M., Longo, FM., and Williams, LR., 1983, in: “Nerve, Organ, and Tissue Regeneration: Research Perspective” FJ. Siel, ed., Academic Press, New York.
Yanker, B.A. and Shooter, E.M., 1982, The biology and mechanism of action of nerve growth factor, Ann. Rev. Biochem., 51: 845–868.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Appel, S.H., Tomozawa, Y., Bostwick, R. (1986). Trophic Factors and Neurologic Disease. In: Fisher, A., Hanin, I., Lachman, C. (eds) Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 29. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2179-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2179-8_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9283-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-2179-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive