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Nervous Systems in Invertebrates pp 3–28Cite as

Ultrastructure of Invertebrate Synapses

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Abstract

Invertebrate chemical synapses are characterized by a diversity of presynaptic vesicles and membrane-associated structures. They have in common with classical chemical synapses of vertebrates a pair of parallel densified membranes with a uniformly wide intercellular cleft containing intracleft material, a presynaptic aggregation of clear or dense-cored vesicles, and usually one or more mitochondria with nearby microtubules in the synaptic terminal or axonal varicosity. At these conventional synaptic foci some vesicles have thin filamentous connections to the presynaptic membrane. Invertebrate neuromuscular junctions often appear morphologically similar to interneuronal synapses because they lack the postsynaptic infoldings of vertebrate muscles. Electrical synapses presumably appear in all metazoa as morphologically identifiable gap junctions in which there is cytoplasmic continuity between two cells separated by a 2–3-nm-wide intercellular gap. In addition to these conventional synapses there are dyads, spine synapses, neuro-secretory-motor junctions, neuromuscular junctions with presynaptic dense bars, and gap junctions with vesicles in various invertebrate groups.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University, 66505, Manhattan, KS, USA

    Jane A. Westfall

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  1. Jane A. Westfall
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  1. University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    M. A. Ali

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© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

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Westfall, J.A. (1987). Ultrastructure of Invertebrate Synapses. In: Ali, M.A. (eds) Nervous Systems in Invertebrates. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9084-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1955-9

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