Skip to main content

Abstract

With respect to the evolution of longevity, two fundamental questions are considered. 1) When did senescence arise? and 2) What role did sex and DNA repair play in lifespan duration?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allen, S. L., Ervin, P. R., McLaren, N. C., and Brand, R. E., 1984, The 5S ribosomal RNA gene clusters in Tetrahymena thermophila; strain differences, chromosomal localization, and loss during micronuclear aging, Mol. Gen. Genet., 197:244.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ammermann, D., 1965, Cytologische und genetische Untersuchungen an dem Ciliaten Stylonychia mytilus Ehrenberg, Arch. Protistenkd., 108:109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ammermann, D., 1970, The micronucleus of the ciliate (Stylonychia mytrlus, its nucleic acid synthesis and function, Exp. Cell Res., 61:6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ammermann, D., Steinbruck, G., Berger, L. V., and Henning, W., 1974, Development of the macronucleus in the ciliated protozoan Stylonychia mytilus, Chromosoma, 45:401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, H., Byerly, H. C., Hopf, F. A., and Michod, R. E., 1985, Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex, Science, 229:1277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bostoek, C. J., and Prescott, D. M., 1972, Evidence of gene diminution during formation of the macronucleus in the protozoan, Stylonychia, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA 69:139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Busbee, D. L., Joe, C. O., Sylvia, V. L., Norman, J. D., and Ragsdale- Robinson, S. S. (in press), DNA polymerase alpha must be phosphory- lated in order to bind DNA template/primer, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calkins, J., and Greenlaw, R. H., 1971, Activated repair of skin: a damage-induced radiation repair system, Radiology, 100:389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, A., 1979, Sexuality in colonial green flagellates, in “Biochemistry and Physiology of Protozoa.” 2nd ed., M. Levandowsky and S. H. Hutner, eds., Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, D. J., 1975, Studies on macronuclear DNA from Paramecium aurelia, Chromosoma, 53:191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ambrosio, S. M., Slazinski, L., Whetstone, J. W., and Lowney, E., 1981a, Excision repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in human skin in vitro, J. Invest. Derm., 77:311.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ambrosio, S. M., Whetstone, J. W., Slazinski, L., and Lowney, E., 1981b, Photorepair of pyrimidine dimers in human skin in vivo, Photochem. Photobiol., 34:461.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerder, F. P., and Debault, L. E., 1975, Cytofluorimetric analysis of nuclear DNA during meiosis, fertilization and macronuclear development in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis syngen, J. Cell Sci., 17:471.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ducoff, H. I., 1976, Radiation-induced increase in life span of insects, in: “Biological and Environmental Effects of Low Level Radiation, Vol. 1,” pp. 103–109, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorovsky, M. A., Pleger, G. L., Keevert, J. B., and Johmann, C. A., 1973, Studies on histone fraction F2A1 in macro- and micronuclei of Tetrahymena pyriformis, J. Cell Biol., 57:773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagen, G., and Kochert, G., 1980, Protein synthesis in a new system for the study of senescence, Exp. Cell Res., 127:451.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, K. Y., Bergmann, K., and Walford, R. L., 1981, DNA repair H-2 and aging in NZB and CBA mice, Tissue Antigens, 16:104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. W., Hall, K. Y., and Daniel, B., 1978, DNA repair and mutagenesis in mammalian cells, Photochem. Photobiol., 28:131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. W., and Setlow, R. B., 1974, Correlation between deoxyribonucleic acid and excision-repair in a number of mammalian species, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA, 71:2169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings, H. S., 1945, Paramecium bursaria: life history, V. Some relations of external conditions, past or present, to aging and to mortality of exconjugants, with summary of conclusions on age and death, J. Exp. Zool., 99:15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, H., Horada, M., Tsuchiya, K., and Moriwaki, K., 1980, Absence of correlation between DNA repair in ultraviolet irradiated mammalian cells and lifespan of the donor species, Japan J. Genetics, 55:99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkwood, T. B., and Cremer, T., 1982), Cytogerontology since 1881: A reappraisal of August Weismann and a review of modern progress, Hum. Genet., 60:101–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochert, G. D., 1968, Differentiation of reproductive cells in Volvox cateri, J. Protozool., 15:438.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovaleva, V. G., and Raikov, I. B., 1978, Diminution and resynthesis of DNA during development and senescence of the diploid macronuclei of the ciliates Trachelonoema sulcata, Gymnostomata karyorelictida, Chromosoma, 67:177.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krauss, S. W., and Linn, S., 1986, Studies of DNA polymerase alpha and tetra from cultured human cells in various replicative states, J. Cell Physiol., 126:99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaBelle, M., and Linn, S., 1984, DNA repair in cultured mouse cells of increasing population doubling level, Mut. Research., 132:51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauth, M. F., Spear, B. B., Heumann, J. M., and Prescott, D. M., 1976, DNA of ciliated protozoa: DNA sequence diminution during macronuclear development of Oxytricha, Cell, 7:67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawn, R. M., Herrick, G., Heumann, J. M., and Prescott, D. M., 1977, The gene-size molecules in Oxytricha, Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol., 42:483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Licastro, F., and Walford, R. L., 1985, Proliferative potential and DNA repair in lymphocytes from short-lived and long-lived strains of mice, in relation to aging, Mech. Ageing Dev., 31:171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipps, H. J., Nock, A., Riewe, M., and Steinbruck, G., 1978, Chromatin structure in the macronucleus of the ciliate Stylonychia mytilus, Nuc. Acid Res., 5:4699.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maupas, E., 1888, Recherches expérimentales sur la multiplication des infusiores ciliés, Arch. Zool. Exper., (2) 6:165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosbaugh, D. W., and Linn, S., 1984, Gap-filling DNA synthesis by HeLa DNA polymerase a in an in vitro base excision DNA repair scheme, J. Biol. Chem., 259:10247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanney, D. L., 1974, Aging and long-term temporal regulation in ciliated protozoa. A critical review, Mech. Age. Dev., 3:81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nordheim, A., Pardue, M. L., Lafer, E. M., Moller, A., Stoller, B. D., and Rich, A., 1981, Antibodies to left-handed Z DNA bind to interband regions of Drosophila polytene chromosomes, Nature, Lond., 294:417.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pommerville, J. C., and Kochert, G. D., 1981, Changes in somatic cell structure during senescence of Volvox carteri, Eur. J. Cell Biol., 24:236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riewe, M., and Lipps, H. J., 1977, Template activity of macronuclear and micronuclear chromatin of the ciliate Stylonychia mytilus, Cell Biol. Int. Rep., 1:517.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaaper, R. M., Kunkel, T. A., and Loeb, L. A., 1983, Infidelity of DNA synthesis associated with bypass of apurinic sites, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA 80:487.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaaper, R. M., and Loeb, L. A., 1981, Depurination causes mutations in SOS-induced cells, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA 78:1773.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, V., and Meister, H., 1975, Einige quantitative Daten zum Problem des Alterns bei Paramecium, Arch. Protistenk. Biol., 117:85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sessoms, A. H., and Husky, R. J., 1973, Genetic control of development in Volvox, isolation and characterization of morphogenetic mutants. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA 70(5):1335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Sonneborn, J., 1971, Age-correlated sensitivity in ultraviolet radiation in Paramecium, Radiat. Res., 46:64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Sonneborn, J., 1979, DNA repair and longevity assurance in Parmecium tetraurelia, Science, 230:1115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Sonneborn, J., 1981, Genetics and aging in protozoa, Int. Rev. Cyt., 73:319.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Sonneborn, J., 1985a, Aging in unicellular organisms, in: “Handbook of Biology, 2nd Edition,” C. E. Finch and E. L. Schneider, eds., Van Nostrand Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Sonneborn, J., 1985b, Genome interaction in the pathology of aging, in: “Handbook of The Cell Biology of Aging,” V. Cristofalo, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M., 1954, The relation of autogamy to senescence and rejuvenescence in Paramecium aurelia., J. Protozool., 1:38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M., 1957, Breeding systems, reproductive methods, and species problems in Protozoa, in: “The Species Problem,” E. Mayr, ed., American Association of the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn, T. M., 1978, The origin, evolution, nature and causes of aging, in: “The Biology of Ageing,ȁ J. M. Behnke, C. E. Finch, and G. B. Moment, eds., Plenum Publishing, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr, R. E., 1969, Structure, reproduction and differentiation in Volvox cateri, J. nagariensis Iyengar, strains HK9 and 10, Arch. Protistenkd., 111:204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutherland, B. M., Carrier, W. L., and Setlow, R. B., 1968, Photoreactivation in vivo of pyrimidine dimers in Paramecium, Biophys. J., 8:490.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walford, R. L., and Bergmann, K., 1979, Influence of genes associated with main histocompatibility complex on deoxyribonucleic acid excision repair capacity and bleomycin sensitivity in mouse lymphocytes, Tissue Antigens, 14:336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, A. H.-J., Quigley, G. J., Kolpak, F. J., Crawford, J. L., Boom, J. H., von, Marel, G. van der, and Rich, A., 1979, Molecular structure of a left-handed double helical DNA fragment at atomic resolution, Nature, Lond., 282:680.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weise, L., 1976, Genetic aspects of sexuality in Volvocales, in: “The Genetics of Algae,“ R. A. Lewin, ed., University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weismann, A., 1889, 1891, Essays upon heredity and kindred biological problems, Vol. I, 1st ed., 1889, 2nd ed., 1891, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. B., 1980, Clonal aging in two species of Spathidium (Ciliophora: Gymnostomatida), J. Protozool., 27:212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, T., and Smith-Sonneborn, J., 1980, DNA polymerase activity in aged clones of P. tetraurelia, Exp. Gerontol., 15:353.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witkin, E. M., 1976, Ultraviolet mutagenesis and inducible DNA repair in Escherichia coli, Bact. Rev., 40:869.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodhead, A. D., Setlow, R. B., and Grist, E., 1980, DNA repair and longevity in three species of cold-blooded vertebrates, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA, 15:301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, M. C., and Gorovsky, M. D., 1974, Comparison of the sequence of macro- and micronuclei on DNA of Tetrahymena pyriformis, Chromosoma, 48:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, M. C., and Gall, J. G., 1979, Alteration of the Tetrahymena genome during nuclear differentiation, J. Protozool., 26:10. 109

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Smith-Sonneborn, J. (1987). Longevity in the Protozoa. In: Woodhead, A.D., Thompson, K.H. (eds) Evolution of Longevity in Animals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1939-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1939-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9077-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1939-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics