Abstract
Early theories of children’s learning disabilities were modeled largely upon acquired language and speech disorders in adults. These explanations ranged from “functional retrogression” or a return to an earlier stage of development (Jackson, 1874), to the hypotheses that letter reversals were associated with confused dominance of cortical hemispheres (Orton, 1937). For the most part, these early notions of children’s learning disorders were attributed to anomalies of the central nervous system (Critchley, 1964; Orton, 1937).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Algozzine, B., Forgnone, C., Mercer, C. D., &Trifiletti, J. J. (1979). Toward defining discrepancies for specific learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 2 ,25–31.
Ayres, A. J. (1972). Sensory integration and learning disorders. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Badian, N. A. (1984). Reading disability in an epidemiological context: Incidence and environmental correlates. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, 129–136.
Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart &Winston.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.
Bateman, B. (1965). An educator’s view of a diagnostic approach to learning disorders. In J. Hellmath (Ed.), Learning disorders (Vol. 1). Seattle: Special Child Publications.
Bender, W. N. (1985 a). Differential diagnosis based on task-related behavior of learning disabled and low-achieving adolescents. Learning Disability Quarterly, 8 ,261–266.
Bender, W. N. (1985 b). Differences between learning disabled and non-learning disabled children in temperament and behavior. Learning Disability Quarterly, 8 ,11–18.
Benton, A. L. (1964). Developmental aphasia and brain damage. Cortex, 1, 40–52.
Chi, J. G., Dooling, E. C., &Gilles, I. H. (1977). Gyral development of the human brain. Annals of Neurology, 1, 86–93.
Clements, S. D. (1966). Minimal brain dysfunction in children. NINDB Monograph No. 3, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C.
Cravioto, J., DeLicordie, E. R., &Birch, H. G. (1966). Nutrition, growth and neurointegrative development: An experimental and ecologic study. Pediatrics, 38 ,319–372.
Critchley, M. (1964). Developmental dyslexia. Springfield, IL: C. C. thomas.
D’Amato, R. C., Dean, R. S., &Rattan, G. (1986). A study of psychological learning problem referrals by grade level and gender. Manuscript submitted for publication.
D’Amato, K. R. C., Gray, J. W., &Dean, R. S. (1986). A comparison between intelligence and neuropsychological functioning. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Dean, R. S. (1978). The use of the WISC-R in distinguishing learning disabled and emotionally disturbed children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46 ,381–382.
Dean, R. S. (1982). Neuropsychological assessment. In T. R. Karatochwill (Ed.), (Vol. 2). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Dean, R. S., &Rattan, A. I. (1986). Measuring the effects of failure with learning disabled children. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Denckla, M. B. (1972). Clinical syndromes in learning disabilities: The case for “splitting” vs. “lumping”. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 5 ,401–406.
Di Pasquale, G. W., Maule, A. D., &Flewelling, R. W. (1980). The birthdate effect. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 13, 234–238.
Doehring, D. G., &Hoshko, I. M. (1977). Classification of reading problems by the Q-technique of factor analysis. Cortex, 13 ,281–294.
Donofrio, A. F. (1977). Grade repetition: Therapy of choice. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 10 ,349–351.
Drake, W. E. (1969). Clinical and pathological findings in a child with a developmental learning disability. Journal of Learning Disability, 1 ,9–25.
Eisenberg, L. (1978). Definitions of dyslexia: Their consequences for research and policy. In A. L. Benton &D. Pearl (Eds.). Dyslexia: An appraisal of current knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press.
Epps, S., Ysseldyke, J. E., &Algozzine, B. (1985). An emphasis of the conceptual framework underlying definitions of learning disabilities. Journal of School Psychology, 23 ,133–144.
Fisk, J. L, &Rourke, B. P. (1979). Identification of subtypes of learning disabled children at three age levels: A neuropsychological, multivariate approach. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1, 289–310.
Fletcher, J. M., &Satz, P. (1979). Unitary deficit hypotheses of reading disabilities: Has Vellutino led us astray. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 12 ,22–26.
Frostig, M. (1975). The role of perception in the integration of psychological functions in W. H. Cruickshank &D. P. Hallahan (Eds.), Perceptual and learning disabilities in children ,(Vol. 1). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Gaddes, W. H. (1976). Prevalence estimates and the needs for the definition of learning disabilities. In R. M. Knights &D. J. Bakker (Eds.). The neuropsychology of learning disorders. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Gaddes, W. H. (1980). Learning disabilities and brain func tion: A neuropsychological approach. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Gaddes, W. H. (1985). Learning disabilities and brain function: A neuropsychological approach (rev. ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Galaburda, A. M. (1986). Developmental dyslexia: A review of biological interaction. Annals of Dyslexia, 55,21–33.
Galaburda, A. M., &Kemper, T. L. (1979). Cytoarchitectonic abnormalities in developmental dyslexia: Case studies. Annals of Neurology, 6 ,94–100.
Gearheart, B. R. (1980). Special education for the 80’s. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby.
Geschwind, N., &Behan, P. (1982). Left handedness: Association with immune disease, migraines, and developmental learning disorders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 79 ,5097– 5100.
Geschwind, N., &Behan, P. (1984). Laterality, hormones, and immunity. In N. Geschwind &A. M. Galaburda (Eds.) Cerebral dominance: The biological foundation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Golden, C. J. (1978). Diagnosis and rehabilitation in clinical neuropsychology. Springfield, IL: C. C. Thomas.
Gubbay, S. S., Ellis, E., Walton, J. N., &Court, S. D. (1965). Clumsy children, a study of apraxic and agnostic deficits in 21 children. Brain, 88 ,295–312.
Hallahan, D. P., &Cruickshank, W. M. (1973). Psycho-educational foundations of learning disabilities. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Hartlage, L. C. (1975). Neuropsychological approaches to predicting outcomes of remedial education strategies for learning disabled children. Pediatric Psychology, 3 ,23–28.
Hartlage, L. C. &Lucas, D. G. (1973). Group screening for reading disability in first grade children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 6 ,48–52.
Hier, D. B., LeMay, M., &Rosenberger, P. B. (1978). Developmental dyslexia. Archives of Neurology, 35, 90–92.
Hynd, G. W., &Obrzut, J. E. (1981). School neuropsychology. Journal of School Psychology, 19 ,45–50.
Jackson, J. H. (1874). On the duality of the brain. Medical Press, 1–19. Reprinted in J. Taylor (Ed.), Selected writings of John Hughlings Jackson ,(Vol. 2). Hodder 7 Stoughton: London. 1932.
Kaufman, A. S. (1979). Intelligent testing with the WISC-R. New York: John Wiley &Sons.
Kazdin, A. E. (1974). Covert modeling, model similarity, and reduction of avoidance behavior. Behavior Therapy ,5, 325–340.
Kimura, D. (1967). Functional asymmetry of the brain in dichotic listening. Cortex, 3 ,163–178.
Kirk, S. A., &Becker, W. (Eds.) (1963). Conference on children with minimal brain impairment. Urbana: University of Illinois.
Knights, R. M., &Bakker, D. J. (1976). The neuropsychology of learning disorders: Theoretical approaches . Baltimore, MA: University Park Press.
Landsell, H. (1980). Theories of brain mechanisms in minimal brain dysfunctions. In H. E. Rie &E. D. Rie (Eds.), Handbook of minimal brain dysfunction: A critical review. New York: Wiley &Sons.
Lyon, R. &Watson, B. (1981). Empirically derived subgroups of learning disabled readers: Diagnostic characteristics. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14 ,256–261.
Mattis, S. (1978). Dsylexia syndromes: A working hypothesis that works. In A. L. Benton &D. Pearl (Eds.). Dyslexia: An appraisal of current knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mattis, S., French, J., &Rapin, I. (1975). Dyslexia in children and young adults: Three independent neuropsychological syndromes. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 17 ,150–163.
McConaughy, S. H., &Ritter, D. R. (1986). Social competence and behavioral problems of learning disabled boys aged 6–11. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19 ,39–45.
McKinney, J. D. (1984). The search for subtypes of learning disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17, 43–50.
McKinney, J. D. &Feagans, L. (1983). Adaptive classroom behavior of learning disabled students. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 16, 360–367.
Meichenbaum, D. H. (1971). Examination of model characteristics in reducing avoidance behaviors.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17 ,298–307.
Morris, R., Blashfield, R., &Satz, P. (1981). Neuropsychology and cluster analysis: Potential and problems. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3, 79–99.
Mykleburt, H. R., &Boshes, B. (1969). Final report, minimal brain damage in children. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Washington, D.C.
Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Obrzut, J. E., &Hynd, G. W. (1983). Implications of neuropsychology for learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 16 532–533.
Orton, S. T. (1937). Reading, writing, and speech problems in children. New York: W. W. Norton.
Paul, J. L., &Epanchin, B. C. (1982). Emotional disturbance in children. Columbus, OH: Bell &Howell.
Petrauska, R., &Rourke, B. (1979). Identification of subgroups of retarded readers: A neuropsychological multivariate approach. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1 17–37.
Pirozzolo, F. J., &Harrell, W. (1985). The neuropsychology of learning disabilities. In L. C. Hartlage &C.F.Telzrow (Eds.), The neuropsychology of individual differences. New York: Plenum.
Rattan, A. I., Rattan, G., Gray, J. W., &Dean, R. S. (1986). Construct specificity of WISC-R subtests as predicted by the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, Las Vegas, NV.
Reynolds, C. R. (1981). Neuropsychological assessment and the habilitation of learning: Considerations in the search for the aptitude and treatment interaction. School Psychology Review, 10 ,343–349.
Rosenberger, P. B. &Hier, D. B. (1980). Cerebral asymmetry and verbal intellectual deficits. Annals of Neurology, 8 ,300–304.
Rourke, B. P. (1976). Issues in the neuropsychological assessment of children with learning disabilities. Canadian Psychological Review, 17 ,89–102.
Rutter, M. J., Tizard, &Whitmore, K. (1970). Education, health and behavior. London: Longmans.
Satz, P., &Morris, R. (1981). Learning disability subtypes: A review. In F. J. Pirozzolo M. C. Wittrock. (Eds.) Neuropsychological and cognitive processes in reading. New York: Academic Press.
Satz, P., Taylor, G., Friel, J., &Fletcher, J. (1978). Some developmental and predictive precursors of reading disabilities: A six-year follow-up. In A. L. Benton &D. Pearl (Eds.), Dyslexia: An appraisal of current knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press.
Silverman, L. J., &Metz, A. S. (1973). Number of pupils with specific learning disabilities in local public schools in the United States: Spring 1970. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 205, 146–157.
Spreen, O., &Haaf, R. (1986). Empirically derived learning disability subtypes: A replication attempt and longitudinal patterns over 15 years. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19 ,170–180.
Speery, R. W. (1974). Lateral specialization in the surgically separated hemispheres. In F. O. Schmitt &F. G. Wordens (Eds.), The neurosciences: Third study program. New York: Wiley &Sons.
Stevenson, D. T., &Rorhney, D. M. (1984). Depression in learning disabled children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 17 ,579–582.
Steward, M. A., Pitts, F. N., Craig, A. G., &Dierof, N. (1966). The hyperactive child syndrome. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 36 ,861–867.1
Stock, M. B., &Smythe, P. M. (1968). Undernutrition during infancy, subsequent brain growth and intellectual development. In N. S. Scrimshaw &J. E. Gordon (Eds.) Malnutrition, learning and behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Strauss, A. A. (1944). Ways of thinking in brain-crippled deficient children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 100, 639–647.
Strauss, A. A., &Kephart, N. C. (1955). Psychopathology and education of the brain-injured child. (Vol. 2). New York: Grune &Stratton.
Strauss, A. A., &Lehtinen, L. E. (1947). Psychopathology and education of the brain-injured child. New York: Grune &Stratton.
Strother, C. R. (1972). Minimal cerebral dysfunction: An historical overview. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 205, 6–17.
Vellutino, F. R., Smith, H., Steger, J. A., &Kaman, M. (1975). Age differences and the perceptual deficit hypothesis. Child Development, 46 ,493–497.
Vellutino, F. R., Steger, B. M., Moyer, S. C., Harding, C. J., Niles, J. A. (1977). Has the perceptual deficit hypothesis led us astray? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 10 ,375–385.
Wolpe, J. (1969). The practice of behavior therapy. New York: Pergamon.
Ysseldyke, J. E., &Algozzine, B. (1979). Perspective on assessment of learning disabled students. Learning Disability Quarterly ,2, 3–13.
Yule, W., &Rutter, M. (1976). Epidemiology and social implications of specific reading retardation. In R. M. Knights &D. J. Bakker (Eds.). The neuropsychology of learning disorders. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rattan, G., Dean, R.S. (1987). The Neuropsychology of Children’s Learning Disorders. In: Williams, J.M., Long, C.J. (eds) The Rehabilitation of Cognitive Disabilities. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1899-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1899-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9057-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1899-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive