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The Pituitary Gland pp 353–380Cite as

Prolactin

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Part of the book series: Clinical Surveys in Endocrinology ((CSED,volume 1))

Abstract

Knowledge regarding the existence of a lactogenic principle in extracts of the anterior pituitary of cows dates back to 1928. However, the existence of prolactin as an independent hormone was not established until 1970, when Frantz and Kleinberg1 concluded from bioassay data that prolactin was distinct from GH. The development of a specific and sensitive RIA in 1971 allowed the measurement of prolactin in health and in diverse disease states.2,3 Within the short span of a decade, the causative role of this hormone in patients with secondary amenorrhea, infertility, galactorrhea, impotence, pituitary tumors, and hypothalamic disease has rendered prolactin-related problems the most common hormonal perturbation of the anterior pituitary. In fact, prolactin measurement in the serum has been referred to as the “sedimentation rate in endocrinology of the pituitary. ” To understand the role played by this hormone in various disease states it is essential to understand the physiological principles that regulate prolactin secretion in health. This understanding is largely based on interpretation of prolactin measured by RIA. The assumption that immunoreactive prolactin represents bioactive hormone has governed the established concepts regarding prolactin secretion. The recently developed bioassay for prolactin based on its ability to stimulate proliferation of a lymphoma-cell line (NB2 cell line) has provided a means of evaluating the relationship between radioassayable and bioassayable prolactin4; while there may be discordance between these two facts of prolactin in the rat5 it appears that in humans, a close correlation exists between the two.6 The structure, regulation, and action of the hormone as well its impact in disordered lactotrope function are discussed in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    C. R. Kannan M.D. (Chairman, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine)

  2. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    C. R. Kannan M.D. (Chairman, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine)

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  1. C. R. Kannan M.D.
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© 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation

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Kannan, C.R. (1987). Prolactin. In: The Pituitary Gland. Clinical Surveys in Endocrinology, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1849-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1849-1_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9032-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1849-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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