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Dietary Fat and Neoplasia--The Role of Net Energy in Enhancement of Carcinogenesis: Effects of Fat and Calories on the Immune System

  • Chapter
Essential Nutrients in Carcinogenesis

Abstract

The mechanism by which carcinogenesis is enhanced by dietary fat is not understood. We know that a minimum level of essential fatty acids (EFA) is necessary for mammary tumor development and that this level probably exceeds the normal requirements of rats. Once the minimum level of EFA has been supplied, the calorie contribution of dietary fat may account for its enhancement of carcinogenesis. In this regard, we must recognize that the efficiency with which dietary energy is utilized is known to increase as the fat content of the diet is raised. Hence even when fed isocalorically to low fat diets, high fat diets will provide more net energy. Modulation of host immunity has been proposed as a mechanism of action of both fat and calorie intake on neoplasia. We review the literature examining the effects of fat and calories on the cell-mediated immune system, that arm of the immune system most directly responsible for the killing of neoplastic cells.

Supported in part by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison Graduate School, and Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Science and Education Administration, Hatch Grant Project No. 2874; U.S. Public Health Service Grant R01-CA2618 and training grant 5-T32-CA09451 from the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services; and by unrestricted gift funds administered through the University of Wisconsin-Madison Food Research Institute.

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Abbreviations

EFA:

essential fatty acid

DMBA:

7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene

LF:

low fat diet fed ad libitum

HF:

high fat diet fed ad libitum

HFPF:

high fat diet pair fed to LF as RNE

RNE:

relative net energy

NK:

natural killer

PG:

prostaglandin

PUFA:

polyunsaturated fatty acid

SFA:

saturated fatty acid

PEC:

peritoneal exudate cell

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Research Institute, Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology (GAB and MWP) and Department of Nutritional Sciences (CEE), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA

    Gilbert A. Boissonneault, Charles E. Elson & Michael W. Pariza

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  1. Gilbert A. Boissonneault
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  2. Charles E. Elson
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  1. Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland, USA

    Lionel A. Poirier

  2. Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Paul M. Newberne

  3. Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Michael W. Pariza

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© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

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Boissonneault, G.A., Elson, C.E., Pariza, M.W. (1986). Dietary Fat and Neoplasia--The Role of Net Energy in Enhancement of Carcinogenesis: Effects of Fat and Calories on the Immune System. In: Poirier, L.A., Newberne, P.M., Pariza, M.W. (eds) Essential Nutrients in Carcinogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1835-4_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1835-4_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-9025-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1835-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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