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Conditioned Drug Effects

  • Chapter
Handbook of Psychopharmacology

Abstract

The repeated administration of a drug or hormone in the presence of a common set of environmental stimuli leads to conditions under which the organism can learn the contingent relation between the environmental stimulus and the drug-produced stimulus. In the terminology of Pavlovian conditioning, the stimulus that signals the occurrence of drug-produced stimuli is the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the drug-produced stimulus is the unconditioned stimulus (US). Evidence that the relation between the CS and the US is learned comes from the change in the way the organism responds to the originally neutral CS. If the CS reliably predicts the occurrence of the US, the CS becomes capable of eliciting responses in anticipation of the US that were originally elicited, unconditionally, by the US; that is, the CS becomes a substitute for the US. Although conditioning experiments in which the USs are drug produced have been carried out for over 75 years (see Lynch et al., 1976; Wikler, 1973), only in the last 10 years has the study of conditioned drug effects become of major interest in psychopharmacology (see Baker and Tiffany, 1985; Eikelboom and Stewart, 1982; Goudie and Demellweek, 1985; Grabowski and O’Brien, 1981; Hinson, 1985;Poulos etal., 1981a; Siegel, 19776, 1983, 1985; Solomon, 1977; Stewart et al, 1984). No doubt, the possible relevance of conditioned effects for understanding drug tolerance, sensitization, and compulsive drug use has sparked the large increase in the number of studies. In this chapter, we review the evidence for conditioned drug effects and discuss its implications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1M8

    Jane Stewart

  2. Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6

    Roelof Eikelboom

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, USA

    Leslie L. Iversen  & Susan D. Iversen  & 

  2. Departments of Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA

    Solomon H. Snyder

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Stewart, J., Eikelboom, R. (1987). Conditioned Drug Effects. In: Iversen, L.L., Iversen, S.D., Snyder, S.H. (eds) Handbook of Psychopharmacology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1819-4_1

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