Abstract
African swine fever is caused by a cytoplasmically located virus particle that, although structurally similar to the Iridoviridae, has a number of similarities with Poxviridae. The genomes of African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates from ticks inhabiting warthog burrows in different areas of Zambia were genetically very diverse. Differences between genomes of isolates from ticks inhabiting neighbouring warthog burrows were also detected and probably resulted from point mutations that had occurred at various positions along the virus genome. The genomes of isolates from domestic pig outbreaks in two regions where disease is endemic (Europe/W. Africa and E. Zambia/Malawi) were also compared. Genomes of viruses within each of these areas were closely related to each other and usually varied as a result of additions or deletions of sequences at positions close to both termini. Restriction enzyme mapping defined seven regions of the genome where length variations occurred. In most of these regions length variations were quite small (<2kb) but in a region between 7 and 20kb from the left hand terminus large variations (up to 9kb) were found. Two other variable length regions contained tandemly repeated sequences. The results are discussed in terms of the selective constraints imposed by virus replication in ticks and warthogs compared to domestic pig populations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Breese, S.S.Jr. and DeBoer, C.J. Virol. 28: 420–428, 1966.
Carrascosa, J.L., Carazo, J.M., Carroscosa, A.L., Garcia, N., Santisteban, A. and Vinuela, E. Virol. 132: 160–172, 1984.
Matthews, R.E.F. Interviology 17: 1–1997~I982.
Goorha, R. and Granoff, A. Comp. Virol. 14: 347–399, 1979.
Vinuela, E. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 116: 151–170, 1985.
Brown, F. Intervirology 25: 141–143, 1986.
Ortin, J., Enjuanes, L. and Vinuela, E. J. Virol. 31: 579–583, 1979.
Almendral, J.M., Blasco, R., Ley, V., Beloso, A., Talavera, A. and Vinuela, E. Virol. 133: 258–270, 1984.
Gonzalez, A., Talavera, A., Almendral, J.M. and Vinuela, E. Nucl. Acids Res. 14: 6835–6844, 1986.
Sogo, J.M., Almendral, J.M., Talavera, A. and Vinuela, E. Virol. 133: 271–275, 1984.
Vinuela, E. In: Developments in Veterinary Virology. African swine fever virus (Ed. Y. Becker), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987, pp31–49.
Geshelin, P. and Berns, K.I. J. Mol. Biol. 88: 785–796, 1974.
Baroudy, B.M., Venkatesan, S. and Moss, B. Cell 28: 315–324, 1982.
Moyer, R.W. and Graves, R.L. Cell 27: 391–401, 1981.
Goorha, R. and Murti, K.G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 248–252, 1982.
Darai, G., Anders, K., Koch, H.G., Delius, H., Gelderblom, H., Samelecos, G. and Flugel, R.M. Virol. 125: 466–479, 1983.
Delius, H., Darai, G. and Flugel, R.M. J. Virol. 49: 609–614, 1984.
Kuznar, J., Salas, M.L. and Vinuela, E. Virol. 101: 169–175, 1980.
Salas, M.L., Kuznar, J. and Vinuela, E. Virol. 113: 484–491, 1981.
Salas, M.L., Kuznar, J. and Vinuela, E. Arch. Virol. 77: 77–80, 1983.
Moss, B., Rosenblum, E.N. and Gershowitz, A. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 4722–4729, 1975.
Kates, J., McAuslan, B.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 58: 134–141, 1967.
Barbosa, E. and Moss, B. J. Biol. Chem. 253: 7692–7697, 1978.
Martin, S.A., Paoletti, E. and Moss, B. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 9322–9329, 1975.
Bauer, W.R., Ressner, E.C., Kates, J. and Patzke, J.V. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 1841–1845, 1977.
Willis, D.B., Goorha, R. and Tchinchar, V.R. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 116: 77–106, 1985.
Polatnick, J., Pan, I.C. and Gravell, M. Arch. ges. Virus forsch. 44: 156–159, 1974.
Kuznar, J., Salas, M.L. and Vinuela, E. Arch. Virol. 96: 307–320, 1981.
Barros, M.F., Cunha, C.V. and Costa, J.V. Virol. 155: 183–191, 1986.
Esteves, A., Marques, M.I. and Costa, J.V. Virol. 152: 192–206, 1986.
Santaren, J.F. and Vinuela, E. Virus Res. 5: 391–405, 1986.
Urzainqui, A., Tabares, E. and Carrascosa, L. Virol. 160: 286–291, 1987.
Carrascosa, A.L., Del Val, M., Santaren, J.F. and Vinuela, E. J. Virol. 54: 337–344, 1985.
Schloer, G.M. Virus Res. 3: 295–310, 1985.
Tabares, E., Marcotegui, M.A., Fernandez, M. and Sanchez-Botija, C. Arch. Virol. 66: 107–117,
Montgomery, R.E. J. Comp. Path. 34: 159–191 and 243–262, 1921.
Plowright, W. In: Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals 2nd edition (Eds. J.W. Davis, L.H. Karstad and D.O. Trainer) Ames: Iowa State University Press, pp178–190, 1981.
Wilkinson, P.J. In: Virus Diseases of Food Animals. A world geography of epidemiology and control Vol II (Ed. E.P.J. Gibbs) Academic Press pp767–786, 1981.
Ekue, N.F. and Tanya, V.N. Science and Technology Review Cameroon 1: 65–69, 1986.
Manso Ribeiro, J., Rosa Azevedo, J.A., Texeira, M.J.O., Braco Forte, M.C., Rodrigues Ribero, A.M., Oliveira, E., Noronha, F., Grave Pereira, C. and Dias Vigario, J. Bull. Off. Int. Epiz. 50: 516–534, 1958.
Manso Ribiero, J. and Rosa Azevodo, J.A. Bull. Off. Int. Epiz. 55: 88–106, 1961.
Council Decision of 14 December 1988. Number 89/21/EEC Official Journal of the European Communities L9/24–27, 1989.
Biront, P., Castryck, F. and Leunen, J. Vet. Rec. 120: 432–434, 1987.
De Tray, D.E. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 138: 78–90, 1961.
Thomas, A.D. and Kolbe, F.F. J. S. Afr. Vet. Med. Ass. 13: 1–11, 1942.
Plowright, W., Parker, J. and Peirce, M.A. Nature 221: 1071–1073, 1969.
Plowright, W., Parker, J. and Peirce, M.A. Vet. Rec. 85: 668–674, 1969.
Botija, C.S. Bull. Off. Int. Epiz. 60: 895–899, 1963.
Plowright, W. In: Hog cholera/Classical swine fever and African swine fever (Ed. B. Liess) EEC Publication Eur 5904 EN pp575–587, 1977.
Pini, A. and Hurter, L.R. J. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 46: 227–232, 1975.
Wilkinson, P.J., Pegram, R.G., Perry, B.D., Lemche, J. and Schels, H.F. Epid. Inf. 101: 547–564, 1988.
Plowright, W., Perry, C.T. and Peirce, M.A. Res. Vet. Sci. 11: 582–584, 1970.
Plowright, W., Perry, C.T. and Greig, A. Res. Vet. Sci. 17: 106–113, 1974.
Thomson, G.R. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 52: 201–209, 1985.
Wilkinson, P.J. Prev. Vet. Med. 2: 71–82, 1984.
Heuschele, W.P. and Coggins, L. Bull. Epiz. Dis. Afr. 17: 179–183, 1969.
Thomson, G.R., Gainaru, M., Lewis, A., Biggs, H., Nevill, E., Van Der Pypekamp, M., Gerber, L., Esterhysen, J., Bengis, R., Bezuidenhout, D. and Condy, J. In: African swine fever (Ed. P.J. Wilkinson) EEC Publication Eur 8466 EN pp85–100, 1983.
Thomson, G.R., Gainaru, M.D. and Van Dellen, A.F. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 47: 19–22, 1980.
Greig, A. and Plowright, W. J. Hyg. 68: 673–682, 1970.
Wilkinson, P.J., Donaldson, A.I., Greig, A. and Bruce, W. J. Comp. Pathol. 87: 487–495, 1977.
Haresnape, J.M., Wilkinson, P.J. and Mellor, P.S. Epid. Inf. 101: 173–185, 1988.
Mebus, C.A. and Dardiri, A.H. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41: 1867–1869, 1980.
Wilkinson, P.J., Wardley, R.C. and Williams, S.M. In: African swine fever (Ed. P.J. Wilkinson) EEC Publication Eur 8466 EN pp74–84, 1981.
McVicar, J.W. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45: 1535–1541, 1984.
Botija, C.S. Bull. Off. Int. Epiz. 60: 901–919, 1963.
Coggins, L., Moulton, J. and Colgrove, G. Cornell Vet. 58: 525–540, 1968.
Hess, W.R., Heuschele, W.P. and Stone, S.S. Am. J. Vet. Res. 26: 141–146, 1965.
Malmquist, W.A. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 24: 450–459, 1963.
Pan, E.C. and Hess, W.R. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46: 314–320, 1985.
Coggins, L. Bull. epiz. Dis. Afr. 16: 61–64, 1968.
Vigario, J.D., Terrinha, A.M. and Moura Nunes, J.F. Archiv. ges. Virusforsch. 45: 272–277, 1974.
Garcia-Barreno, G., Sanz, A., Nogal, M.L., Vinuela, E. and Enjuanes, L. J. Virol. 58: 385–392, 1986.
Pan, I.C., Whyard, T.C., Hess, W.R., Yuasa, N. and Shimizu, M., Virus. Res. 9: 93–106, 1988.
Santurde, G., Tuiz Gonzalvo, F., Carnero, M.E. and Tabares, E. Arch. Virol. 98: 117–122, 1988.
Blasco, R., Aguero, M., Almendral, J.M. and Vinuela, E. Virol. 168: 330–338, 1989.
Wesley, R.D. and Pan, I.C. J. Gen. Virol. 63: 383–391, 1982.
Tabares, E., Olivares, I., Santurde, G., Garcia, M.J., Martin E. and Carnero, M.E. Arch. Virol. 97: 333–346, 1987.
Wesley, R.D. and Tuthill, A.E. Prev. Vet. Med. 2: 53–62, 1984.
Dixon, L.K. and Wilkinson, P.J. J. Gen. Virol. 69: 2981–2993, 1988.
Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.G. and Sambrook, J. In: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laborarory 1982.
Southern E.M. J. Mol. Biol. 98: 503–518, 1975.
Dixon, L.K. J. Gen. Virol. 69: 1683–1694, 1988.
Ley, V., Almendral, J.M., Cartonero, P., Beloso, A., Vinuela, E. and Talavera, A. Virol. 133: 249–257, 1984.
Feinberg, A.P. and Vogelstein, B. Analytical Biochemistry 132: 6–13, 1983.
Feinberg, A.P. and Vogelstein, B. Analytical Biochemistry 137: 266–267, 1984.
Nuss. D.L. Advances in Virus Research 29: 57–93, 1984.
Lung, M.C.J. and Pirone, T.P. Virol. 60: 260–264, 1974.
Kowal, K.J. and Stollar, V. Virol. 114: 140–148, 1981.
Durbin, R.K. and Stollar, V. Virol. 135: 331–344, 1984.
Durbin, R.K. and Stollar, V. Virol. 154: 135–143, 1986.
Hsieh, P., Rosner, M.R. and Robbins, P.W. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 2548–2554, 1983.
Moss, B., Winters, E. and Cooper, N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 1614–1618, 1981.
Schnitzler, P., Delius, H., Scholz, J., Touray, M., Orth, E. and Darai, G. Virol. 161: 570–578, 1987.
Fischer, M., Schnitzler, P., Delius, H. and Darai, G. Virol. 167: 485–496, 1988.
Fischer, M., Schnitzler, P., Scholz, J., Rosen-Wolff, A., Delius, H. and Darai, G. Virol. 167: 497–506, 1988.
Wadsworth, S., Jacob, R.J. and Roizman, B. J. Virol. 15: 1487–1497, 1975.
Fenner, F. and Comben, B.M. Virol. 5: 530–548, 1958.
Bedson, H.S. and Dumbell, K.R. J. Hyg. 62: 141–146, 1964.
Bedson, H.S. and Dumbell, K.R. J. Hyg. 62: 147–158, 1964.
Strayer, D.S., Cabirac, G., Sell, S. and Leibowitz, J.L. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 71: 91–104, 1983.
Chernos, V.I., Antonova, T.P. and Senkevich, T.G. J. Gen. Virol. 66: 621–626, 1985.
Chernos, V.I., Senkevich, T.G., Chelyapov, N.V., Antonova, T.P., Vovk, T.S. and Mitina, I.V. Acta virologica 31: 193–202, 1987.
Gershon, P.D., Kitching, R.P., Hammond, J.M. and Black, D.N. J. Gen. Virol. 70: 485–489, 1989.
Sam, C.K. and Dumbell, K.R. Annales de Virologie de l’Institut Pasteur 132E: 135–150, 1981.
Panicali, D. and Paoletti, E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 4927–4931, 1982.
Mackett, M., Smith, G.L. and Moss, B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 7415–7419, 1982.
Moyer, R.W., Graves, R.L. and Rothe, C.T. Cell 22: 545–553, 1980.
Esposito, J.J., Cabradilla, C.D., Nakano, J.H. and Obijeski, J.F. Virol. 109: 231–243, 1981.
Archard, L.C., Mackett, M., Barnes, D.E. and Dumbell, K.R. J. Gen. Virol. 65: 875–886, 1984.
Pickup, D.J., Ink, B.S., Parsons, B.L., Hu, W. and Joklik, W.K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 6817–6821, 1984.
Kotwal, G.J. and Moss, B. Virol. 167: 524–537, 1988.
Mackett, M. and Archard, L.C. J. Gen. Virol. 45: 683–701, 1979.
Esposito, J.J. and Knight, J.C. Virol. 143: 230–251, 1985.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dixon, L.K., Wilkinson, P.J., Sumption, K.J., Ekue, F. (1990). Diversity of the African Swine Fever Virus Genome. In: Darai, G. (eds) Molecular Biology of Iridoviruses. Developments in Molecular Virology, vol 10. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1615-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1615-2_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8893-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1615-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive