Abstract
Multimedia information comprises of different media streams such as text, images, audio, and video. The presentation of multimedia information to the user involves spatial organization, temporal organization, delivery of the components composing the multimedia objects, and allowing the user to interact with the presentation sequence. The presentation of multimedia information can be either live or orchestrated. In live presentation, multimedia objects are acquired in real-time from devices such as video camera and microphone. In orchestrated presentation, the multimedia objects are typically acquired from stored databases. The presentation of objects in the various media streams have to be ordered in time. Multimedia synchronization refers to the task of coordinating this ordering of presentation of various objects in the time domain. In a live multimedia presentation, the ordering of objects in the time domain are implied and are dynamically formulated. In an orchestrated presentation, this ordering is explicitly formulated and stored along with the multimedia objects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J.L. Peterson, Petri Net Theory and The Modeling of Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1981.
W. Reisig, Petri Nets: An Introduction, Springer-Verlag Publication, 1982.
K.S. Fu, Syntactic Pattern Recognition and Applications, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, 1982.
J.E. Coolahan. Jr., and N. Roussopoulos, ‘Timing requirements for Time-Driven Systems Using Augmented Petri Nets’, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., vol. SE-9, Sept. 1983, pp 603–616
J.F. Allen, ‘Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals’, Communications of the ACM, November 1983, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 832–843.
W.M. Zuberek, ‘M-Timed Petri nets, Priorities, Pre-Emptions and Performance Evaluation of Systems’, Advances in Petri nets 1985, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS 222), Springer-Verlag, 1985.
P.D. Stotts and R. Frutta, ‘Petri-Net-Based Hypertext: Document Structure With Browsing Semantics’, ACM Trans, on Office Information Systems, vol. 7, no. 1, Jan 1989, pp. 3–29.
T.D.C. Little and A Ghafoor, ‘Synchronization and Storage Models for Multimedia Objects’, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communication, vol. 8, no. 3, April 1990, pp. 413–427.
R. Steinmetz, ‘Synchronization Properties in Multimedia Systems’, IEEE J. on Selected Areas of Communication, vol. 8, no. 3, April 1990, pp. 401–412.
P.D. Stotts and R. Frutta, ‘Temporal Hyperprogramming’, Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, Sept. 1990, pp. 237–253.
S. Gibbs, ‘Composite Multimedia and Active Objects’, Proc. OOPSLA’91, pp. 97–112.
T.D.C. Little, Synchronization For Distributed Multimedia Database Systems, PhD Dissertation, Syracuse University, August 1991.
T.D.C. Little, A. Ghafoor, C.Y.R. Yen, C.S. Chen and P.B. Berra, ‘Multimedia Synchronization’, IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 3, September 1991, pp. 26–35.
J. Stefani, L. Hazard and F. Horn, ‘Computational model for distributed multimedia applications based on a synchronous programming language’, Computer Communication, Butterworth- Hienmann Ltd., vol. 15, no. 2, March 1992, pp.114–128.
T.D.C. Little and A. Ghafoor, ‘Scheduling of Bandwidth-Constrained MultiMedia Traffic’, Computer Communication, Butterworth-Heinemann, July/August 1992, pp. 381–388.
B. Prabhakaran and S.V. Raghavan, ‘Synchronization Models For Multimedia Presentation With User Participation’, ACM/Springer-Verlag Journal of Multimedia Systems, vol.2, no. 2, August 1994, pp. 53–62. Also in the Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on MultiMedia Systems, Anaheim, California, August 1993, pp.157–166.
S.V. Raghavan, B. Prabhakaran and S.K. Tripathi, ‘Quality of Service Negotiation For Orchestrated MultiMedia Presentation’, Proceedings of High Performance Networking Conference HPN 94, Grenoble, France, June 1994, pp.217–238. Also available as Technical Report CS-TR-3167, UMIACS-TR-93-113, University of Maryland, College Park, USA, October 1993.
H.M. Vin and P. Venkat Rangan, ‘Designing a Multi-User HDTV Storage Server’, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas on Communication, January 1993.
L. Li, A. Karmouch and N.D. Georganas, ‘Multimedia Teleorchestra With Independent Sources: Part 1 — Temporal Modeling of Colloborative Multimedia Scenarios’, ACM/Springer-Verlag Journal of Multimedia Systems, vol. 1, no. 4, February 1994, pp.143–153.
L. Li, A. Karmouch and N.D. Georganas, ‘Multimedia Teleorchestra With Independent Sources: Part 2 — Synchronization Algorithms’, ACM/Springer-Verlag Journal of Multimedia Systems, vol. 1, no. 4, February 1994, pp.153–165.
Dong-Yong Oh, Arun Katkare, Srihari Sampathkumar, P. Venkat Rangan and Ramesh Jain, ‘Content-based Inter-media Synchronization’, Proc. of SPIE’95, High Speed Networking and Multimedia Systems II Conference, San Jose, CA, February 1995.
S.V. Raghavan, B. Prabhakaran and S.K. Tripathi, ‘Synchronization Repesentation and Traffic Source Modeling in Orchestrated Presentation’, to be published in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, special issue on Multimedia Synchronization.
S.V. Raghavan, B. Prabhakaran and S.K. Tripathi, ‘Handling QoS Negotiations In Orchestrated Multimedia Presentation’, to be published in the journal of High Speed Networking.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Prabhakaran, B. (1996). Multimedia Synchronization. In: Furht, B. (eds) Multimedia Systems and Techniques. The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 350. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1341-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1341-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8577-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1341-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive