Abstract
Resistance to cancer chemotherapy continues to be a major hurdle in successful management of refractory human malignancies. Drug resistance may be intrinsic or acquired after chemotherapy. Several well-known extracellular factors such as drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics may be responsible for failure of chemotherapy. However, a major reason for drug resistance resides at the cellular level and often involves cellular mechanisms which under normal conditions may have other protective and important biological roles. Tumor cell resistance is believed to be multifactorial involving altered drug transport (influx, retention and efflux), and biochemical mechanisms such as xenobiotic detoxification/ alternate metabolic pathways, and altered targets (1–3). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) has been recently described as a phenomenon in which tumor cells are resistant to a variety of unrelated natural products such as alkaloids and antibiotics used as cancer chemotherapeutic agents (1,3).
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Moscow J, Cowan KH: Multidrug resistance. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 80:14–20, 1988.
Chabner BA, Fojo A: Multidrug resistance: P-glyco-protein and its allies-the elusive foes. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81:910–913, 1989.
Kessel D (ed): Resistance to antineoplastic drugs. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, 1989.
Chen C, Chin JE, Ueda K, et al: Internal duplication and homology with bacterial transport proteins in the mdr 1 (P-glycoprotein) gene from multidrug-resistant human cells. Cell 47:381–389, 1986.
Ueda K, Cardarelli C, Gottesman MM, Pastan I: Expression of a full-length cDNA for human “MDR1” gene confers resistance to colchicine, doxorubucin, and vinblastine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84: 3004–3008, 1987.
van der Bliek AM, Kooiman PM, Schneioder C, Borst P: Sequence of mdr 3 cDNA encoding a human P-gly-coprotein. Gene 71:401–411, 1988.
Chin J, Soffir R, Noonan K, et al: Structure and expression of the human MDR (P-glycoprotein) gene family. Mol. Cell Biol. 9:3808–3820, 1989.
Raymond M, Rose E, Housman DE, Gros P: Physical mapping, amplification and overexpression of the mouse mdr gene family in multidrug-resistant cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 10:1642–1651, 1990.
Shen D, Fojo A, Chin JE, et al: Human multidrug-resistant cell lines: Increased mdr-1 expression can precede gene amplification. Science 232:643–645, 1986.
Lincke CR, van der Bliek AM, van der Schuurhuis GJ, et al: Multidrug resistance phenotype of human BRO melanoma cells transfected with a wild type human MDR-1 complementary DNA. Cancer Res. 50:1779–1785, 1990.
Ramachandran C, Yuan ZK, Huang XL, Krishan A: Doxorubucin resistance in human melanoma cells: MDR-1 and glutathione-transferase p gene expression. Biochem. Pharmacol. 45:743–751, 1993.
Ganapathi R, Grabowski D: Enhancement of sensitivity to Adriamycin in resistant P3 88 leukemia by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine. Cancer Res. 43:3696–3699, 1983.
Krishan A, Sauerteig A, Wellham L: Flow cytometric studies on modulation of anthracycline transport by phenothiazines. Cancer Res. 45:1046–1051, 1985.
Tsuro T: Reversal of acquired resistance to vinca alkaloids and anthracycline antibiotics. Cancer Treat. Rep. 67:889–894, 1986.
Slater LM, Sweet P, Stupecki M, et al: Cyclosporin A corrects daunorubicin resistance in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Brit. J. Cancer 54:235–238, 1986.
Howell SB, Horn D, Sanga R, et al: Comparison of the synergistic potentiation of etoposide, doxorubucin and vinblastine cytoxicity by dipyridamole. Cancer Res. 49:3178–3183, 1989.
Krishan A, Ganapathi R: Laser flow cytometric studies on intracellular fluorescence of anthracyc-lines. Cancer Res. 40:3895–3900, 1980.
Krishan A, Ganapathi R: Laser flow cytometry and cancer chemotherapy: Detection of intracellular anthracyclines by flow cytometry. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 27:1655–1656, 1979.
Preisler H: Alteration of binding of the supravital dye Hoechst 3 3342 of human leukemic cells by adriamycin. Cancer Treat. Rep. 62:1393–1396, 1978.
Krishan A, Ganapathi R, Israel M: The effect of adriamycin and analogs on the nuclear fluorescence of propidium iodide stained cells. Cancer Res. 38:3656–3662, 1978.
Krishan A, Sridhar KS, Davilla E, et al: Patterns of anthracycline retention modulation in human tumor cells. Cytometry 8:306–314, 1987.
Sridhar KS, Krishan A, Samy TSA, et al: Prochlorperazine as a doxorubucin-efflux blocker: Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetics studies. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 31:423–430.
Krishan A, Sauerteig A, Stein J: A comparison of three commercially available antibodies for flow cytometric monitoring of P-glycoprotein expression in tumor cells. Cytometry 12:731–742, 1991.
Meister A, Anderson M: Glutathione. Annual Rev. Biochem. 52:711–760, 1983.
Kramer R, Zakher J, Kim G: Role of the glutathione redox cycle in acquired and de novo multidrug resistance. Science 241:694–697, 1988.
Nair S, Singh SV, Samy TSA, Krishan A: Anthracycline resistance in murine leukemic P3 88 cells: Role of drug efflux and glutathione related enzymes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 39:723–728, 1990.
Jakoby W, Habig W: In: Enzymatic basis of detoxification, W Jakoby (ed), Academic Press, NY, 2:63–94, 1980.
Mannervik A, Alin P, Guthenberg C: Identification of three classes of cytosolic glutathione transferase common to several mammalian species: Correlation between structural data and enzymatic properties. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7202–7206, 1985.
Litwack G, Ketterer B, Arias I: Ligandin: A hepatic protein which binds steroids, bilirubin, carcinogens and a number of exogenous organic anions. Nature 234:466–467, 1971.
Green J, Vistica D, Young R: Potentiation of mephalan cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cell lines by glutathione depletion. Cancer Res. 44: 5427–5431, 1984.
Russo A, Mitchell JB: Potentiation and protection of doxorubucin cytotoxicity by cellular glutathione modulation. Cancer Treat. Rep. 69:12 93–1296, 1985.
Hromas RA, Andrews PA, Murphy MP, Burns PC: Gluta-thione depletion reverses cisplatin resistance in murine L1210 leukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 34:9–13, 1987.
Rice GC, Bump EA, Shrieve DC, et al: Quantitative analysis of cellular glutathione by flow cytometry utilizing monochlorobimane: Some applications to radiation and drug resistance. Cancer Res. 46: 6105–6110, 1986.
Shrieve DC, Bump EA, Rice GC: Heterogeneity of cellular glutathione among cells derived from a murine fibrosarcoma or a human renal cell carcinoma detected by flow cytometry. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 14107–14114, 1988.
Nair S, Singh SV, Krishan A: Flow cytometric monitoring of glutathione content and anthracycline retention in tumor cells. Cytometry 12:336–342, 1991.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Krishan, A., Ramachandran, C., Sauerteig, A. (1996). Flow Cytometric Monitoring of Drug Resistance in Human Solid Tumors. In: Valeriote, F.A., Nakeff, A., Valdivieso, M. (eds) Basic and Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry. Developments in Oncology, vol 77. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1253-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1253-6_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-8534-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-1253-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive