Governmental Policy and Biological Control

Abstract

Biological control embraces activities undertaken by farmers, businesses, researchers, and government employees. Governmental policies in several areas influence the breadth, efficiency, and effectiveness of the application of biological control to the pest problems of a nation or region. This chapter reviews those policies that directly affect biological control, as well as considers the indirect effects of such other policies as those on the use of pesticides, pest eradication, crop exportation standards, and cosmetic grade standards. Specific areas addressed include: (1) pesticide use, including applicator training and licensing, product safety testing, subsidies, taxes, and commercial development of pathogens as pesticides; (2) quarantine and eradication; (3) agricultural development; (4) pest management; (5) biological control, including introduction of new species of natural enemies; and (6) use of genetically-modified organisms.