Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Manganese

  • Chapter
Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals

Part of the book series: Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity ((RSET))

Abstract

The ubiquitous element manganese exists in 11 oxidation states, from −3 to +7, however, the most important forms are Mn2+, Mn4+ and Mn7+. It occurs in various types of rock and soil and deep sea sediments in concentrations ranging from about 200–6700 µg/g, with an average concentration in the earth’s crust of about 1000 µg/g. Principal manganese ores such as pyrolusite, manganite, hausmanite and braunite consist of more than 60 percent of Mn as manganese oxides. Mn-sulfides and silicates also occur, and most iron ores contain Mn as well.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ajemian, R.S. and Whitman, N.E., 1957, Determination of manganese in urine by atomic absorption spectrometry, Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 30: 52-56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvord, I.C., Forno, L.S., Kusske, J.A., Kauffman, R.T., Rhodes, G.F. and Goetowski, C.R., 1974, Pathway of parkinsonism; a comparison of degeneration in cerebral cortex and brainstem, in: “Advances in Neurology,” Vol. Alvord, I.C., Forno, L.S., Kusske, J.A., Kauffman, R.T., Rhodes, G.F. and Goetowski, C.R., eds., pp. 175 - 193, Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ash, D.E. and Schramm, V.L., 1982, Determination of trace and bound manganese ( II) in hepatocytes from fed and fasted rats, J. Biol. Chem., 257: 9261–9264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashizawa, R., 1927, Uber einen Sektionsfall von chronischen Manganvergiftung, Jap. J. Med. Sci. Trans. Sect. VIII - Int. Med. Pediat. Psychiatry, 1: 173–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Autissier, N., Rochette, L., Dumas, P., Beley, A., Loireau, A. and Bralet, J., 1982, Dopamine and norepinephrine turnover in various regions of the rat brain after chronic manganese chloride administration, Toxicol., 24: 175–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baader, E.W., 1932, Manganese poisoning in dry cell battery factories, Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 4: 101–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baishayee, S. and Balasubramanian, A.S., 1971, Lipid peroxide formation in rat brain, J. Neurochem., 18: 909–920.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbeau, A., 1962, The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease: A new hypothesis, Can. Med. Assoc. J., 87: 802–807.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbeau, A., Murphy, G.F. and Sourkes, T.S., 1961, Excretion of dopamine diseases of the basal ganglia, Science 133: 1706–1707.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbeau, A., Inoue, N. and Cloutier, T., 1976, Role of manganese in dystonia, Adv. Neurol., 14: 339–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartels, T.T. and Wilson, C.E., 1969, Determination of methyl cyclo pentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in JP-4 fuel by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Atom. Absorp. Newslett., 8: 3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergert, K.D., Voigt, H. and Holler, U., 1982, Detection of exposure in welders by determining manganese contents of biological materials, Z. Gesamte. Inn. Med. 37: 504–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brezina, E., 1921, Internationale Ubersicht uber Gewerbekrankheiten. Nach den Berichten der Gewerbeinspektionen der Kulturlander uber das Jahr 1913, Springer, Berlin 8: 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, D.R. and Hodges, A.R., 1972 Burner memory following atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis of moderately volatile organometallic complexes, Anal. Chem., 44: 405–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butt, E.M., Busbaum, R.E., Gilmour, T.C., Didio, S.L. and Mariano, S., 1964, Trace element levels in human serum and blood, Arch. Environ. Hlth., 8: 52–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canavan, M.M., Cow, S. and Drinker, C.K., 1934, Chronic manganese poisoning: Report of a case with autopsy, Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry, 32: 501–512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, S.V., Shukla, G.S. and Srivastava, R.S., 1981 An exploratory study of manganese exposure to welders, Clin. Toxicol., 18: 407–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cholak, J. and Hubbard, D.M., 1960, Determination of manganese in air and biological material, Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 21: 356–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cikrt, M., 1973, Enterohepatic circulation of 64Cu, 52Mn, and 203Hg in rats, Arch. Toxicol., 31: 51–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook, D.G., Fahn, S. and Brait, K.A., 1974, Chronic manganese intoxication, Arch. Neurol., 30: 59–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotzias, G., Papavasiliou, P.S. and Miller, S.T., 1964, Manganese in Melanins, Nature 201: 1228–1229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cotzias, G.C., Horiuchik, K., Fuenzaldo, S., and Mena, I., 1968, Chronic manganese poisoning. Clearance of tissue manganese concentrations with persistence of the neurological picture, Neurology, 18: 376–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Couper, J., 1873, On the effects of black oxide of manganese when inhaled into the lungs, Br. Ann. Med. Pharmacol., 1: 41–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dams, R., Robbins, J.A., Rahn, K.A. and Winchester, J.W., 1970, Nondestructive neutron activation analysis of air pollution particulates, Anal. Chem., 42: 861–867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dastur, D.K., Mangham, D.K. and Raghavendran, K.V., 1971, Distribution and fate of 54Mn in the monkey: Studies of different parts of the central nervous system and other organs, J. Clin. Invest., 50: 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, J., LaBella, F.S. and Gesser, D., 1980, Enhanced autoxidation of dopamine as a possible basis of manganese neurotoxicity, Neurotoxicol., 2: 53–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dupont, C.L. and Tanaka, Y., 1985, Blood manganese levels in children with convulsive disorder, Biochem. Med. 33: 246–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dybcyznski, R., Tugsavul, A. and Suschuy, O., 1978, Problems of accuracy and precision in the determination of trace substances in water as shown by recent International Atomic Energy Agency intercomparison tests, Analyst., 103: 734–744.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elstad. D., 1939, Factory smoke containing manganese as predisposing cause in epidemics of pneumonia in an industrial district, Nord. Med., 257: 2533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emara, A.M., El-Ghawabi, S.H., Madkour, O.I. and El-Samra, G.H., 1971, Chronic manganese poisoning in the dry battery industry, Br. J. Ind. Med., 28: 78–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embden, H., 1901, Zur Kentniss der metallischen Nervengifte, Deutsch. Med. Wochenschr., 27: 795–796.

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA, 1984, Health Assessment Document for Manganese, Final Report, 1–1 to 10–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folprechtova, A., Burboni, K.M. and Krandzalova, J., 1970, Manganese

    Google Scholar 

  • excretion in urine and feces in employees of a manganese ore grinding plant. Effect of penicillamine to manganese excretion, Pracovni Lekarstvi, 22: 92–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, J.R., Watland, B. and Kalnitsky, G., 1955, Some properties of the manganese and copper catalyzed oxidation of catechol and some other orthodihydroxy benzene derivatives, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 16: 51–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenhouse, A.H., 1971, Manganese intoxication in the United States, Trans Ann. Neurol.Assoc. 96: 248–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grund, W., 1980, Incorporation of manganese in human hair: a criterion for assessment of exposure, Arch. Exp. Veterinary Med., 34: 347–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillard, O., Brugier, J.C., Piriou, A., Menard, M., Gombert, J. and Reiss, D., 1984, Improved determination of manganese in hair by use of a mini- autoclave and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction: an evaluation in unexposed subjects, Clin. Chem., 30: 1642–1645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heikilla, R.E. and Cabbat, F.S., 1983, Ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and inhibition of 3H-spiroperidol binding in neostriatal membrane preparations, J. Neurochem., 41: 1384–1392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilpert, P., 1933, Die chronische Manganvergiftung, Med. Welt., 7: 522–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horiuchik, K., Horiguchi, S., Shinagawa, K., Utsunomiya, T. and Tsuyama, Y., 1970, On the significance of manganese contents in the whole blood and urine of manganese handlers, Osaka City Med. J., 16: 29–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICRP: No 23: 1975, Report of the Task Group on Reference Man, Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jindrichova, J., 1969, Anwendungsmoglichkeit der Manganbestimmung im Stuhl als Expositionstest, In. Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 25: 347–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappus, H. and Schenkman, J.P., 1979, Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of manganous and ferrous ions on epinephrine oxidation, Biochem. Pharmacol., 28: 1129-1134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawamura, R., Ikuta, H. and Fukuzami, T., 1941, On the familial manganese poisoning by drinking from a well, Jpn. J. Bact., 537: 687–710.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keen, C.L., Clegg, M.S., Lonnordal, B. and Hurley, L.S., 1983, Whole-Blood manganese as an indicator of body manganese, New Engl. J. Med., 308: 1230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, R., Oke, A., Mefford, I. and Adams, R.N., 1976, Liquid

    Google Scholar 

  • chromatographic analysis of catecholamines: routine assay for regional brain mapping, Life Sci. 19:995–1004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaassen, C.D., 1974, Biliary excretion of manganese in rats, rabbits and dogs, Toxicol. Appl.Pharmacol., 29: 458–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauwerys, R., Roels, H., Genet, P., Toussaint, G., Bouckaert, A. and DeCooman, S., 1985, Fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust: a questionnaire study, Am. J. Indust. Med., 7: 171–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon, A.S., Spiegel, H.E., Thomas, G. and Abrams, W.B., 1971, Pyridoxine antagonism of levodopa in parkinsonism, J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 218: 1924–1927.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levina, E.N. and Robachevsky, E.G., 1981, Gig. Saint. 1, 25 (1955), Cited in: “Patty’s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,” Vol. 2a, G.D. Clayton and F.E. Clayton, eds., 3rd edition, p. 1754, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, J.P., Sargent, K., Greland, M. and Small, W., 1969, Studies on manganese: I. Determination in serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Clin. Chem., 15: 312–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, L.S., and Fink, S., 1956, The influence of chelation on radio- manganese excretion in man and mouse, J. Clin. Invest., 35: 831–836.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGinley, P.A., Morris, J.B., Clay, R.J. and Gianutsos, G., 1987, Disposition and toxicity of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in the rat, Toxicol. Letters, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mena, I., Marin, L., Fuenzalida, S. and Cotzias, G.C., 1967, Chronic manganese poisoning: clinical picture and manganese turnover, Neurology, 17: 128–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mena, I., Horiuchik, Burke, K. and Cotzias, G.C., 1969, Chronic manganese poisoning. Individual susceptibility and absorption of iron, Neurology, 19: 1000–1006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mena, I., Court, J., Fuenzalida, S., Papavasiliou, P.S. and Cotzias, G.C., 1970, Modification of chronic manganese poisoning: treatment with L-dopa or 5-0H-tryptophan, New Engl. J. Med., 282: 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, W. Jr., Hall, L., Crocker, W., Adams, J. and Stara, J.F., 1974, Metabolic aspects of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in rats, Environ. Res., 8: 171–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, P., Gibb, F.R. and Gazioglu, K., 1966, The clearance of dust from lower respiratory tract of man. An experimental study, in: “Inhaled Particles and Vapours III.” Proceedings of an international symposium, pp. 351–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagata, H., Migata, S., Nakamura, S., Kamegama, M. and Katsui, Y., 1985, Heavy metal concentrations in blood cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J. Neurol. Sci., 67: 173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • NAS (Natl. Acad, of Sciences), 1973, Medical and biological effects of environmental pollutants: Manganese, p. 126–131, NAS, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newland, M.C., Hamada, R., Oberdoerster, G. and Weiss, B., 1986, The clearance of manganese chloride in the primate, The Toxicollogist, 6: 266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nogawa, K., Kobayashi, E., M., Sakamoto, M., Fukashima, M., Ishizaki, A., Kagamimori, S., Makino, T., Hiramaru, Y., Kato, T., Kanaguwa, K. and Azami, S., 1973, Epidemiological studies on disturbance of respiratory system causes by manganese air pollution. Report 1: Effect on respiratory system of junior high school students, Jap. J. Pub. Hlth., 20: 315–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olehy, D.A., Schmitt, R.A. and Bethard, W.F., 1966, Neutron activation analysis of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, sodium and potassium in human erythrocytes and plasma, J. Nucl. Med., 7: 917–927.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papavasiliou, P.S., Miller, S.T. and Cotzias, G.C., 1968, Functional interactions between biogenic amines, 3’, 5’-cyclic AmP and manganese, Nature, 220: 74–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parnitzke, K.H. and Peiffer, J., 1954, Zur Klinik und pathologischen Anatomie der chronischen Braunsteinvergiftung, Arch. Psychiatr. Zeitschr. Neurol., 192: 405–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pazzaglia, U.E., Minoia, C., Ceciliani, L. and Riccard, C., 1983, Metal determination in organic fluids of patients with stainless steel hip arthroplasty, Acta. Orthop. Scand., 54: 574–579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peeters-Joris, C., Vanduvoorde, A. and Baudhuim, B., 1975, Subcellular localization of superoxide-dismutase in rat liver, Biochem. J., 150: 31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piscator, M., 1979, Manganese, in: “Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals,” L. Friberg, G.F. Nordberg and V.B. Vouk, eds., pp. 485-501 Elsevier/North-Hol1 and Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehnberg, G.L., Hein, J.F., Carter, S.D., Link, R.S. and Laskey, J.W., 1982, Chronic ingestion of Mn304 by rats. Tissue accumulation and distribution of manganese in two generations, J. Toxicol. Env. Health, 9: 173–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodier, J., 1955, Manganese poisoning in Moroccan miners, Br. J. Ind. Med., 12: 21–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstock, H.A., Simons, D.G. and Meyer, J.S., 1971, Chronic manganism, J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 217: 1354–1358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saric, M., Holetic, A. and Ofner, E., 1975, Acute respiratory diseases in a manganese contaminated area, in: “Heavy Metals in the Environment,” CEP Consultants, Edinburgh, pp 389–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saric, M., Markicevic, A. and Hrustic, O., 1977, Occupational exposure to manganese, Br. J. Ind. Med., 34: 114–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schelenz, R., 1977, Dietary intake of 25 elements by man estimated by neutron activation analysis, J. Radioanal. Chem., 37: 539–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuhammer, A.M. and Cherian, M.G., 1982 Influence of chronic MnCl2 and EDTA treatment on tissue levels and urinary excretion of trace metals in rats, Arch. Environ. Cont. Toxicol., 11: 515–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuhammer, A.M. and Cherian, M.G., 1985, Binding of manganese in human and rat plasma, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 840: 163–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, H.A., Balassa, J.J. and Tipton, I.H., 1966, Essential trace metals in man: manganese. A study in homeostatis, J. Chron. Pis., 19: 545–571.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüler, P., Oyanguren, H., Maturana, V., Valenzuela, A., Cruz, E., Plaza, V., Schmidt, E. and Haddad, R., 1957, Manganese poisoning. Environmental and medical study at a Chilean mine, Ind. Med. Surg., 26: 167–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seelert, H., 1913, Ein Fall chronischen Manganvergiftung, Monatsschr. Psychol. Neurol., 24: 82–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, G.S. and Chandra, S.V., 1981, Manganese toxicity: lipid peroxidation in rat brain, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 48: 95–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smyth, L.T., Ruhi, R.C., Whitman, N.E. and Dungan, T., 1973, Clinical manganism and exposure to manganese in the production and processing of ferromanganese alloy, J. Occup. Med., 15: 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stadler, H.Z., 1935, Zur Histopathologic des Gehirns bei Manganvergiftung. Zentrabi, Gesamte Neurol. Psychiatr., 154: 62–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, S. and Lieben, J., 1969, Manganese poisoning and exposure in Pennsylvania, Arch. Environ. Hlth., 19: 674–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, R.J., Morgan, G.B. and Purdue, L.J., 1970, Analysis of selected elements in atmospheric particulate matter by atomic absorption, Atom. Absorp. Newslett., 9: 53–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tichy, M. and Cikrt, M., 1972, Manganese transfer into the bile in rats, Arch. Toxicol., 29: 51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendtel, I., 1936, Zur Frage des Manganismus, Mschr. Unfallheilk., 43: 69–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsalev, D.L., Langmyhr, F.J. and Gunderson, N., 1977, Direct atomic absorption, spectrometric determination of manganese in whole blood of unexposed individuals and exposed workers in a Norwegian manganese alloy plant, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 17: 660–666.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Jaksch, R., 1907, Uber Mangantoxikosen und Manganophobie, Munch. Med. Wochenschr., 20: 969–972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voss, H., 1939, Progressive Buibarparalyse and amyotrophische lateral Sklerose nach chronischen Manganvergiftung, Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 9: 464–476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wassermann, M. and Mihail, G., 1961, Recherches concernant la pathologie professionelle des miners des mines de manganese, Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 18: 632–657.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieczorek, H., Oberdoerster, G. and Cox, C., 1987, Kinetics of inhaled MnCl2 aerosols: influence of concentration. The Toxicologist 7: 80.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization Geneva, 1981, Manganese, IPCS International Programme of Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria, 17: 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization Geneva, 1981, Manganese, IPCS International Programme of Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria, 17: 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, S.J., Chen, P.Y., Ke, C.N., Hsu, S.T. and Tanaka, S., 1976, Neutron activation analysis for trace elements in unpolished rice, Anal. Chim. Acta, 87: 119–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarski, J.P., Arnaud, J., Dumolard, L., Favier, A. and Rachail, M., 1984, Trace elements (zinc, copper, manganese) in alcoholic cirrhosis: effect of chronic alcoholism, Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol., 9: 664–669.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA

    Guenter Oberdoerster

  2. Department of Pathology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1

    George Cherian

Authors
  1. Guenter Oberdoerster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. George Cherian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Rochester Shool of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA

    Thomas W. Clarkson

  2. The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lars Friberg

  3. University of Umea, Umea, Sweden

    Gunnar F. Nordberg

  4. Stauffer Chemical Company, Farmington, Connecticut, USA

    Polly R. Sager

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Oberdoerster, G., Cherian, G. (1988). Manganese. In: Clarkson, T.W., Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Sager, P.R. (eds) Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. Rochester Series on Environmental Toxicity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-42809-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0961-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation