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Abstract

Clinical and educational applications of biofeedback emerged from basic research concerning operant conditioning of visceral responses (Engel & Chism, 1967; Engel & Hansen, 1966; Fowler & Kimmel, 1962; Kimmel & Hill, 1960). This basic research, which was begun in the early 1960s, showed that a wide variety of autonomic responses, for example, heart rate, blood pressure, vasomotor responses, and electrodermal responses, could be voluntarily controlled using instrumental conditioning procedures. This type of learning was demonstrated in humans and animals (Brown, 1970; DiCara & Miller, 1968a; Shapiro, Crider, & Tursky, 1964).

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Williamson, D.A., McKenzie, S.J., Goreczny, A.J. (1988). Biofeedback. In: Witt, J.C., Elliot, S.N., Gresham, F.M. (eds) Handbook of Behavior Therapy in Education. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0905-5_21

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