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The Influenza Viruses pp 269–317Cite as

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  2. The Influenza Viruses
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Structure of Defective-Interfering RNAs of Influenza Viruses and Their Role in Interference

Structure of Defective-Interfering RNAs of Influenza Viruses and Their Role in Interference

  • Debi P. Nayak4,
  • Thomas M. Chambers5 &
  • Ramesh K. Akkina6 
  • Chapter

  • 349 Accesses

  • 17 Citations

Part of the The Viruses book series (VIRS)

Abstract

When viruses are passaged at high multiplicity, defective interfering (DI) particles are produced. von Magnus (1947, 1951a-c, 1952, 1954) first observed this phenomenon when he serially passaged undiluted influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs. He noted that although both the total amount of virus particles as assayed by hemagglutination units (HAU) and the amount of infectious particles as assayed by egg infectivity titer (EID50) decreased, the ratio of infectivity to total particles (EID50/HAU) decreased much more precipitously during the passages at high multiplicity of infection (MOI). Clearly, during the undiluted passages, many particles were produced that were noninfectious. Subsequently, this phenomenon of multiplicity-dependent production of noninfectious virus particles has been reported with almost all animal viruses studied to date. Indeed, formation of such particles has also been observed for plant, yeast, and bacterial viruses (Kane et al., 1979; Mills et al., 1967) and probably represents a general phenomenon for all viruses. Later these noninfectious particles were called defective interfering (DI) particles in order to describe their proper phenotypic characteristics (Huang and Baltimore, 1970).

Keywords

  • Influenza Virus
  • Polymerase Gene
  • Sendai Virus
  • Virus Preparation
  • Polymerase Complex

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Abbreviations

cDNA:

complementary DNA

CEF:

chicken embryo fibroblast cells

cRNA:

complementary RNA

DI:

defective interfering

DIU:

defective interfering unit

DNI:

defective noninterfering

EID50 :

egg infectious dose (50%)

HA:

hemagglutinin

HAU:

hemagglutinating unit

HI:

hemagglutination inhibition

M:

membrane protein

MDBK:

Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells

MDCK:

Madin-Darby canine kidney cells

MOI:

multiplicity of infection

mRNA:

messenger RNA

N:

nucleoprotein

NA:

neuraminidase

NDI:

nondefective interfering

NP:

nucleoprotein

NS:

nonstructural protein

PAGE:

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PFU:

plaque-forming units

Pi:

postinfection

poly(A):

3′ polyadenosine

RNP:

ribonucleoprotein

UV:

ultraviolet

vRNA:

viral RNA

VSV:

vesicular stomatitis virus

WSN:

Wilson-Smith neurotropic

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA

    Debi P. Nayak

  2. Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38101, USA

    Thomas M. Chambers

  3. Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA

    Ramesh K. Akkina

Authors
  1. Debi P. Nayak
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  2. Thomas M. Chambers
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  3. Ramesh K. Akkina
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 10021, New York, New York, USA

    Robert M. Krug

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© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

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Nayak, D.P., Chambers, T.M., Akkina, R.K. (1989). Structure of Defective-Interfering RNAs of Influenza Viruses and Their Role in Interference. In: Krug, R.M. (eds) The Influenza Viruses. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0811-9_6

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