Introduction

Abstract

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has from the outset been marked as an analytical method of extraordinary capability. This is clearly demonstrated even from a brief statement of its principal characteristics. The inductively coupled argon plasma (ICP) is an effective source of atomic emission which can, in principle, be used for the determination of all elements other than argon. Calibration curves relating the rate of introduction of analyte into the plasma with the instrumental response are linear, typically over five orders of magnitude. Detection limits (the lowest concentrations of analyte which give rise to a detectable signal) are generally very low, for most elements falling within the range 1–100 μg1^-1 for the conventional method of sample introduction. Many wavelengths of varied sensitivity are available for the determination of any one element, so that ICP-AES is suitable for all concentrations, from ultratrace levels to major components. Precision is good for an instrumental method and, provided that certain elementary safeguards are observed, accuracy can be made equally good. When the ICP is used in conjunction with a suitable spectrometer, the simultaneous determination of a large number of elements can be accomplished. A complete multielement analysis can be undertaken in a period as short as 30s and with the consumption of only 0.5ml of sample solution.