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Overview Of Bacterial Toxins with a Nonreductionist Approach to the Mode of Action of Botulinal Neurotoxin

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Microbial Toxins in Foods and Feeds

Abstract

The word toxin was first used in 1886 by E. Ray Lankester in Science to name poisons for animals produced by pathogenic bacteria. Since the word was first applied to substances which later proved to be proteins, historical precedence would demand its restriction to bacterial proteins responsible for animal pathology. An implied characteristic of these proteins is that their poisonous character can be neutralized by specific antitoxins. While toxin is used in this sense, it more commonly designates any poison for plant or animal produced by a living organism while the generic term for any harmful substance of biological or nonbiological origin is poison. Poison the older term was first used in 1579. It is meaningful to record the first use of words concerning poisonous actions as a measure of the slow progress of knowledge of toxins until the end of the 19th century: toxicology, 1799; toxication, 1821; toxicosis, 1857; toxicity, 1881; toxicant, 1882. These dates are recorded in the Oxford Universal Dictionary on Historical Principles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 3812 - 37 Street, N. Arlington, VA, 22207, USA

    Carl Lamanna

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  1. Carl Lamanna
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA

    Albert E. Pohland

  2. Late of Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Vulus R. Dowell Jr.

  3. Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois, USA

    John L. Richard

  4. Agricultural Research Service, Dawson, Georgia, USA

    Richard J. Cole

  5. National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Milven W. Eklund

  6. Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC, USA

    Stanley S. Green

  7. Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia, USA

    William P. Norred III

  8. Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Morris E. Potter

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© 1990 Plenum Press, New York

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Lamanna, C. (1990). Overview Of Bacterial Toxins with a Nonreductionist Approach to the Mode of Action of Botulinal Neurotoxin. In: Pohland, A.E., et al. Microbial Toxins in Foods and Feeds. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0663-4_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0663-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7916-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0663-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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